De la supresión o mantenimiento de la legítima sucesoria a la legítima solidaria
Date
2018-08-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La institución de la legítima sucesoria está basada en los nexos familiares y el soporte
económico que debe tener toda institución familiar. Esta consiste en reservar una parte del
patrimonio del causante, con la finalidad de destinarla a sus familiares cuando se abra la
sucesión. La ley establece una obligación que impide al titular la disposición de una parte de su
patrimonio a título de liberalidad y establece una expectativa de derecho a participar en la
herencia en favor de los familiares cercanos del causante cuando este muera.
Por mucho tiempo, desde sus orígenes en Roma y Germania hasta fines del siglo pasado, la
legítima no era cuestionada e incluso la participación de los descendientes del causante en el
patrimonio de sus padres, al abrirse la sucesión, se aceptaba como una suerte de derecho natural.
Sin embargo, en el presente, la legítima está siendo cuestionada por razones de orden
constitucional, en tanto que violentaría el derecho a la libertad de las personas y, en particular,
el derecho a la propiedad. Además, se señala que no estaría cumpliendo con su fin de atender a
los parientes necesitados del causante.
La presente tesis propone mantener la legítima, pero con cambios sustantivos que conduzcan a
proteger a las personas dependientes del causante y que, a la muerte de éste, sigan en situación
de vulnerabilidad. La razón de ser de la legítima debe descansar en un deber de solidaridad
familiar que permita a las personas pertenecientes al entorno del causante y dependientes de él
seguir gozando de protección luego de su muerte a través del patrimonio dejado. Esta institución
se denomina “legítima solidaria”.
The institution of the legítima sucesoria is based on family ties and the financial support that every family institution should have. It is about reserving a part of the estate of the deceased, with the purpose of allocating it to their relatives when the succession is opened. The law establishes an obligation that prevents the owner from disposing of a part of his estate, by way of liberality. It also establishes an expectation of the right to participate in the inheritance in favor of close relatives of the deceased, which will occur when he dies. For a long time, from its origins in Rome and Germany until the end of the last century, the legítima was not questioned. Even the participation of the descendants in the patrimony of their parents when the succession was opened, was accepted as a natural right. However, in the present, the legítima is being questioned for reasons of constitutional order, as the violation of the right to freedom and, in particular, of the right to property. In addition, it is stated that it would not be fulfilling his purpose of caring for the relatives in need. This thesis proposes maintaining the legítima, but with substantive changes that lead to protect the dependents of the deceased, and tha tremain in a vulnerable situation at the time of his death. The reason for the existence of the legítima must rest on a duty of family solidarity, which allows people belonging to the environment of the deceased and dependent on him to enjoy protection after his death through the estate left. This institution is called solidary legítima.
The institution of the legítima sucesoria is based on family ties and the financial support that every family institution should have. It is about reserving a part of the estate of the deceased, with the purpose of allocating it to their relatives when the succession is opened. The law establishes an obligation that prevents the owner from disposing of a part of his estate, by way of liberality. It also establishes an expectation of the right to participate in the inheritance in favor of close relatives of the deceased, which will occur when he dies. For a long time, from its origins in Rome and Germany until the end of the last century, the legítima was not questioned. Even the participation of the descendants in the patrimony of their parents when the succession was opened, was accepted as a natural right. However, in the present, the legítima is being questioned for reasons of constitutional order, as the violation of the right to freedom and, in particular, of the right to property. In addition, it is stated that it would not be fulfilling his purpose of caring for the relatives in need. This thesis proposes maintaining the legítima, but with substantive changes that lead to protect the dependents of the deceased, and tha tremain in a vulnerable situation at the time of his death. The reason for the existence of the legítima must rest on a duty of family solidarity, which allows people belonging to the environment of the deceased and dependent on him to enjoy protection after his death through the estate left. This institution is called solidary legítima.
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Keywords
Derecho sucesorio--Legislación--Perú, Procedimiento civil--Perú, Patrimonio familiar--Legislación
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