Al ritmo de la familia: representaciones sociales de las empleadoras acerca de las trabajadoras del hogar y de sí mismas
Date
2024-07-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El trabajo doméstico constituye una manera de entender la relación entre mujeres
de diferentes estratos sociales que se construye en la intimidad del hogar. En esta
investigación, se exploró las representaciones sociales respecto a los roles y las
dinámicas vinculadas al trabajo doméstico que tenían las empleadoras de clase social
media alta de trabajadoras del hogar en Lima Metropolitana. Desde un abordaje
cualitativo y un enfoque estructural para estudiar las representaciones sociales, se
extrajo el núcleo de las representaciones sobre las empleadoras y las trabajadoras. Las
participantes se caracterizaron por ser maternalistas, nuevo término usado para designar
a las empleadoras que mantienen una relación positiva con sus trabajadoras, tanto que
creen que han superado la relación jerárquica (y laboral) que se establece. Por eso,
surgieron representaciones positivas alrededor de las trabajadoras del hogar, aunque
estas perspectivas son susceptibles de tornarse negativas rápidamente si las empleadoras
dejan de sentirse cómodas. Entonces, sigue valiendo preguntarse ¿está la trabajadora
realmente integrada a la familia, o solo se encuentra al ritmo de esta?
Domestic work serves as a lens to examine the relationship between women of different social strata that is constructed within the intimacy of the home. In this study, the objective was to explore the social representations regarding the roles and dynamics linked to domestic work held by the upper-middle class employers of domestic workers in Metropolitan Lima. Employing a qualitative and structural approach to the study of social representations, the central core of the representations about employers and workers were obtained. Among this sample, a distinct characterization has emerged — maternalist, a term coined to label employers who maintain a positive relationship with their workers, so much so that they believe they have overcome the hierarchical (and labor) relationship that is established. As a result, favorable depictions have emerged around domestic workers. However, these can quickly turn negative if the employers no longer feel at ease. Considering these findings, it is still worth asking the question: does the domestic worker truly become integrated into familial fabric, or does her status remain relegated to the periphery of the household rhythm?
Domestic work serves as a lens to examine the relationship between women of different social strata that is constructed within the intimacy of the home. In this study, the objective was to explore the social representations regarding the roles and dynamics linked to domestic work held by the upper-middle class employers of domestic workers in Metropolitan Lima. Employing a qualitative and structural approach to the study of social representations, the central core of the representations about employers and workers were obtained. Among this sample, a distinct characterization has emerged — maternalist, a term coined to label employers who maintain a positive relationship with their workers, so much so that they believe they have overcome the hierarchical (and labor) relationship that is established. As a result, favorable depictions have emerged around domestic workers. However, these can quickly turn negative if the employers no longer feel at ease. Considering these findings, it is still worth asking the question: does the domestic worker truly become integrated into familial fabric, or does her status remain relegated to the periphery of the household rhythm?
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Servicio doméstico--Perú--Lima, Empleadas domésticas--Perú--Lima, Representaciones sociales
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