La ejecución de las sentencias sobre el pago de las pensiones de jubilación y cesantía: De una configuración plural e insuficiencia hacía un real y efectivo cumplimiento estatal
Date
2022-03-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El derecho a la protección judicial, permite que los participantes de un proceso judicial,
puedan mantener la vigencia de los derechos que se reclaman en el ámbito jurisdiccional.
Tal es así, que la vigencia implicará eficacia y goce de los derechos en dichos conflictos.
El derecho a la ejecución sentencias judiciales, forma parte del derecho a la protección
judicial, por el cual se adquiere un rol protagónico y trascendental, porque permitirá la
satisfacción y materialización de los derechos declarados por los órganos jurisdiccionales;
por lo que, la ejecución requiere ser rápida, sencilla y eficaz.
Sin embargo, asumiremos que en dicha etapa los órganos jurisdiccionales vienen
aplicando normas de forma plural, vulnerando de forma directa al derecho fundamental
de pensión y al principio de sostenibilidad financiera. Pero a su vez, tendremos que los
plazos de cumplimiento de sentencias con contenido económico, no se plasman de forma
expresa en los códigos procesales constitucionales, generando que los órganos judiciales
se remitan sin razón objetiva a otras normas adjetivas, a pesar de que el fenómeno de la
supletoriedad, es excepcional.
Por ello, nos planteamos la siguiente interrogante, ¿Cómo proteger el derecho a la
pensión en la ejecución de las sentencias que ordenan el pago mensual de pensiones de
jubilación y de cesantía, más los devengados e intereses legales en el proceso
constitucional de amparo, teniendo en consideración de que los órganos jurisdiccionales
aplican sin criterio uniforme diversas normas jurídicas adjetivas para un procedimiento
sobre el particular?
The right to judicial protection permits to the participants in a judicial process to maintain the rights that are claimed in the area of jurisdiction. This is so, that the validity will imply effectiveness and enjoyment of rights in such conflicts. The right to the execution of judicial decisions forms part of the right to judicial protection, which takes on a leading and far-reaching role because it will enable the rights declared by the courts to be fulfilled and implemented; Therefore, the execution needs to be fast, simple and effective. However, we will assume that at that stage the jurisdictional authority courts have applied rules in a pluralistic manner, in direct violation of the fundamental right to a pension and the principle of financial sustainability. At the same time, however, we will have to ensure that the time limits for the enforcement of judgements with economic content are not expressly reflected in the constitutional procedural codes, and that judicial bodies refer without objective reason to other adjective rules, despite the fact that the phenomenon of supplementary law is exceptional. Therefore, we ask ourselves the following question: How to protect the right to a pension in the execution of the judgments that order the monthly payment of retirement and severance pensions, plus the accruals and legal interest in the constitutional process of amparo, having regard to the fact that the courts apply, without a uniform criterion, ¿various adjective legal rules for a proceeding in this area?
The right to judicial protection permits to the participants in a judicial process to maintain the rights that are claimed in the area of jurisdiction. This is so, that the validity will imply effectiveness and enjoyment of rights in such conflicts. The right to the execution of judicial decisions forms part of the right to judicial protection, which takes on a leading and far-reaching role because it will enable the rights declared by the courts to be fulfilled and implemented; Therefore, the execution needs to be fast, simple and effective. However, we will assume that at that stage the jurisdictional authority courts have applied rules in a pluralistic manner, in direct violation of the fundamental right to a pension and the principle of financial sustainability. At the same time, however, we will have to ensure that the time limits for the enforcement of judgements with economic content are not expressly reflected in the constitutional procedural codes, and that judicial bodies refer without objective reason to other adjective rules, despite the fact that the phenomenon of supplementary law is exceptional. Therefore, we ask ourselves the following question: How to protect the right to a pension in the execution of the judgments that order the monthly payment of retirement and severance pensions, plus the accruals and legal interest in the constitutional process of amparo, having regard to the fact that the courts apply, without a uniform criterion, ¿various adjective legal rules for a proceeding in this area?
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Keywords
Pensiones--Perú, Seguridad social--Derecho--Perú, Derecho procesal constitucional--Perú
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