Sobre la calificación jurídica del canon por el uso del espectro radioeléctrico
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La controversia acerca de la calificación jurídica del canon por el uso del espectro
radioeléctrico ha sido objeto de una larga discusión jurídica, que aún se
encuentra vigente, entre nuestras distintas entidades, tanto en el ámbito
administrativo como en el judicial, por ello, a partir del presente trabajo se busca
dilucidar, a partir de la jurisprudencia y la regulación vigente, cuáles son los
principales argumentos que se han elaborado sobre la presente controversia y
cuáles son los aspectos principales que debemos tener en cuenta para
aproximarnos al problema. Como consecuencia, a partir de lo abordado se busca
determinar, primero, cual es el origen de esta discusión jurídica, esto es, si surge
por encontrarnos frente a la existencia de un vacío legal o se trata, por el
contrario, de haber realizado distintas construcciones jurídicas sobre un mismo
concepto, por las distintas instituciones de nuestro sistema legal peruano. En
segundo lugar, se busca tener una posición clara acerca de la categoría jurídica
del canon por el uso del espectro radioeléctrico en la legislación peruana. Para
finalmente, abordar cuáles han sido las implicancias de esta controversia,
primero, para los administrados y, por otra parte, cuáles han sido y continúan
siendo, las consecuencias prácticas que surgen en el ámbito jurídico, el
considerar al canon por el uso del espectro radioeléctrico como tributo,
específicamente, del género tasa en su subespecie derecho, o, considerarlo
como precio.
The controversy surrounding the legal classification of the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum has been the subject of a long and ongoing legal debate among our various entities, both in the administrative and judicial spheres. Therefore, this paper seeks to clarify, based on jurisprudence and current regulations, the main arguments that have been developed regarding this controversy and the key aspects that we must consider when approaching the issue. As a result, based on what has been discussed, we seek to determine, first, what is the origin of this legal discussion, that is, whether it arises from the existence of a legal vacuum or whether, on the contrary, it is a matter of having made different legal constructions on the same concept, by the different institutions of our Peruvian legal system. Secondly, the aim is to have a clear position on the legal category of the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum in Peruvian legislation. Finally, to address what the implications of this controversy have been, this paper evaluates the legal implications derived from each classification and highlights the practical consequences that follow from treating the payment “canon” either as a tax or as a price.
The controversy surrounding the legal classification of the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum has been the subject of a long and ongoing legal debate among our various entities, both in the administrative and judicial spheres. Therefore, this paper seeks to clarify, based on jurisprudence and current regulations, the main arguments that have been developed regarding this controversy and the key aspects that we must consider when approaching the issue. As a result, based on what has been discussed, we seek to determine, first, what is the origin of this legal discussion, that is, whether it arises from the existence of a legal vacuum or whether, on the contrary, it is a matter of having made different legal constructions on the same concept, by the different institutions of our Peruvian legal system. Secondly, the aim is to have a clear position on the legal category of the payment of the “canon” for the use of the radioelectric spectrum in Peruvian legislation. Finally, to address what the implications of this controversy have been, this paper evaluates the legal implications derived from each classification and highlights the practical consequences that follow from treating the payment “canon” either as a tax or as a price.
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Derecho Tributario--Perú, Ondas electromagnéticas, Telecomunicaciones--Legislación--Perú, Servicios públicos--Perú