Análisis de la relación entre cánidos y humanos en el Complejo Maranga Lima, período Intermedio Tardío: Estudio de cánidos del cementerio Huaca 33.
Files
Date
2020-01-28
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En nuestro país han existido culturas ancestrales, con prácticas y conocimientos
necesarios de rescatar. La reconstrucción de la historia nos da explicaciones y nuevas
formas de pensar el desarrollo actual. Una de las formas de reconstrucción de la historia
y de la vida de nuestros antepasados, es la arqueología. En este caso a partir de cánidos
prehispánicos enterrados en la Huaca 33 del Complejo Maranga, se ha investigado
principalmente las causas y entorno de su muerte, los rituales establecidos, el contexto
socioeconómico, etc. todo lo cual nos ha dado valiosa información para reconstruir la
relación establecida de los humanos con los cánidos y la función que estos últimos
cumplían.
El hallazgo de más de 100 restos de cánidos enterrados en la Huaca 33 del Complejo
Maranga, un cementerio que funcionó durante el período Intermedio Tardío, permitió
conocer la relación establecida con las personas con los que convivieron. Para este fin se
analizaron 61 contextos de cánidos, a partir de estudios zooarqueológicos, identificándose
cuatro biotipos de cánidos con pelo. Además, se observó que la mayoría de los cuerpos
habían sido manipulados post mortem para colocarlos en posiciones anatómicas de
descanso y que además presentaban objetos colocados intencionalmente. Por otro lado,
se identificó que la mayoría de los cánidos enterrados correspondían con hembras jóvenes
y que un 30% de los cánidos analizados presentaban huellas peri mortem y elementos y
condiciones que identifican que estas muertes se habrían producido por asfixia, golpes en
el cráneo, en el lomo o en el tórax; no pudiéndose definir los motivos para la matanza de
estos individuos, pero sí determinando que el cementerio Huaca 33 sería el lugar donde
se enterrarían sin importar la forma como murieron; observándose además en el sitio un
hacinamiento de cuerpos de animales y humanos enterrados, encontrándose varios
disturbados y desperdigados por todo el cementerio; además de la aglomeración de restos
óseos en zonas específicas. Finalmente, se concluye que estos cánidos habrían sido muy
cercanos a las personas que habitaron Maranga para el período Intermedio Tardío al
preparar todo un ritual al enterrar a estos cánidos, lo que involucraba la manipulación de
los cuerpos y la colocación de objetos que podrían haber usado los canes en vida o ser
ofrendas post mortem. Esta actitud demuestra el buen trato que habrían tenido los
humanos con los cánidos en vida.
In our country there have been ancestral cultures, with practices and knowledge necessary to rescue. The reconstruction of history gives us explanations and new ways of thinking about current development. One of the forms of reconstruction of the history and life of our ancestors is archeology. In this case, from the pre-Hispanic canids buried in Huaca 33 of the Maranga Complex, the causes and surroundings of his death, the established rituals, the socioeconomic context, etc. have been investigated mainly all of which has given us valuable information to reconstruct the established relationship of humans with canids and the function that the latter fulfilled. The finding of more than 100 remains of canids buried in Huaca 33 of the Maranga Complex, a cemetery that operated during the Late Intermediate period, allowed to know the relationship established with the people with whom they lived. For this purpose, 61 canid contexts were analyzed, based on zooarchaeological studies, identifying four canine biotypes with hair. In addition, it was observed that most of the bodies had been manipulated post mortem to place them in anatomical resting positions and that they also presented objects intentionally placed. On the other hand, it was identified that most of the buried canids corresponded with young females and that 30% of the analyzed canids had peri mortem footprints and elements and conditions that identify that these deaths would have been caused by asphyxiation, blows in the skull, in the loin or in the thorax; unable to define the reasons for the killing of these individuals, but determining that the Huaca 33 cemetery would be the place where they would be buried regardless of the way they died; also being observed in the site an overcrowding of bodies of animals and buried humans, being several disturbed and scattered throughout the cemetery; In addition to the agglomeration of bone remains in specific areas. Finally, it is concluded that these canids would have been very close to the people who inhabited Maranga for the Late Intermediate period by preparing a whole ritual when burying these canids, which involved the manipulation of the bodies and the placement of objects that they could have used the dogs in life or be post mortem offerings. This attitude demonstrates the good treatment that humans would have had with the canids in life.
In our country there have been ancestral cultures, with practices and knowledge necessary to rescue. The reconstruction of history gives us explanations and new ways of thinking about current development. One of the forms of reconstruction of the history and life of our ancestors is archeology. In this case, from the pre-Hispanic canids buried in Huaca 33 of the Maranga Complex, the causes and surroundings of his death, the established rituals, the socioeconomic context, etc. have been investigated mainly all of which has given us valuable information to reconstruct the established relationship of humans with canids and the function that the latter fulfilled. The finding of more than 100 remains of canids buried in Huaca 33 of the Maranga Complex, a cemetery that operated during the Late Intermediate period, allowed to know the relationship established with the people with whom they lived. For this purpose, 61 canid contexts were analyzed, based on zooarchaeological studies, identifying four canine biotypes with hair. In addition, it was observed that most of the bodies had been manipulated post mortem to place them in anatomical resting positions and that they also presented objects intentionally placed. On the other hand, it was identified that most of the buried canids corresponded with young females and that 30% of the analyzed canids had peri mortem footprints and elements and conditions that identify that these deaths would have been caused by asphyxiation, blows in the skull, in the loin or in the thorax; unable to define the reasons for the killing of these individuals, but determining that the Huaca 33 cemetery would be the place where they would be buried regardless of the way they died; also being observed in the site an overcrowding of bodies of animals and buried humans, being several disturbed and scattered throughout the cemetery; In addition to the agglomeration of bone remains in specific areas. Finally, it is concluded that these canids would have been very close to the people who inhabited Maranga for the Late Intermediate period by preparing a whole ritual when burying these canids, which involved the manipulation of the bodies and the placement of objects that they could have used the dogs in life or be post mortem offerings. This attitude demonstrates the good treatment that humans would have had with the canids in life.
Description
Keywords
Arqueología--Investigaciones--Perú, Perros--Perú--Historia--Época prehispánica, Maranga (Perú)--Restos arqueológicos
Citation
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced By
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess