El trabajo en escena: estrategias laborales de los grupos de teatro independiente en el proceso de neoliberalización cultural contemporáneo
Date
2024-10-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo discutir cómo los valores y
prácticas del teatro de grupo afectan las estrategias laborales de los grupos de
teatro independiente y de sus artistas en el proceso de neoliberalización
cultural contemporáneo. Para dar cuenta de la complejidad de la relación entre
trabajo y teatro independiente, desde la perspectiva de los actores sociales, la
estrategia metodológica que ha guiado el recojo de información ha estado
organizada alrededor del estudio de casos de grupos de teatro y artistas
específicos, en el marco de una etnografía multi-situada apoyada en la
recopilación de trayectorias de vida. En las conclusiones, argumento que la
posibilidad de sostenimiento de los artistas y sus grupos de teatro guarda
relación con las estrategias laborales que los artistas puedan desplegar en
base a las oportunidades de trabajo que la pertenencia al grupo, directa o
indirectamente, les proporcione. Sostengo que los significados que los artistas
asignan a su trabajo artístico, y las decisiones que toman sobre este, están
fuertemente influenciadas tanto por su identificación con los valores del teatro
de grupo como por los procesos de subjetivación artística asociados a las
reformulaciones institucionales neoliberales en el campo cultural. Resalto que,
sin desestimar estas influencias, serán los artistas, según sus propias
necesidades, inquietudes y aspiraciones, quienes decidirán, en cada situación
específica, su involucramiento laboral. Argumento, además, que las
condiciones laborales contemporáneas, que exigen a los artistas una
dedicación casi exclusiva al trabajo, no solo tienen un efecto precarizante sobre
los artistas, sino que ponen en riesgo la propia continuidad del grupo como
lógica y dinámica de organización y creación teatral.
This research aims to examine how the values and practices of the theatre of group influence the labor strategies of independent theatre groups and their artists within the contemporary process of cultural neoliberalization. To capture the complexity of the relationship between work and independent theatre from the perspective of social actors, the methodological approach guiding data collection was organized around case studies of specific theatre groups and artists, within the framework of a multi-sited ethnography supported by the compilation of life trajectories. In the conclusions, I argue that the sustainability of artists and their groups is related to the labor strategies that artists can deploy based on the work opportunities that group membership, either directly or indirectly, provides them. I maintain that the meanings artists assign to their artistic work, and the decisions they make about it, are strongly influenced both by their identification with the values of the theatre of group and by the processes of artistic subjectivation associated with neoliberal institutional reformulations in the cultural field. I emphasize that, without disregarding these influences, it is the artists who, according to their own needs, concerns, and aspirations, will decide their own involvement in each specific work situation. Furthermore, I argue that contemporary work conditions that demand an almost exclusive dedication to work from artists, not only have a precarizing effect on the artists themselves but also threaten the very continuity of the group as a logic and dynamic of theatrical organization and creation.
This research aims to examine how the values and practices of the theatre of group influence the labor strategies of independent theatre groups and their artists within the contemporary process of cultural neoliberalization. To capture the complexity of the relationship between work and independent theatre from the perspective of social actors, the methodological approach guiding data collection was organized around case studies of specific theatre groups and artists, within the framework of a multi-sited ethnography supported by the compilation of life trajectories. In the conclusions, I argue that the sustainability of artists and their groups is related to the labor strategies that artists can deploy based on the work opportunities that group membership, either directly or indirectly, provides them. I maintain that the meanings artists assign to their artistic work, and the decisions they make about it, are strongly influenced both by their identification with the values of the theatre of group and by the processes of artistic subjectivation associated with neoliberal institutional reformulations in the cultural field. I emphasize that, without disregarding these influences, it is the artists who, according to their own needs, concerns, and aspirations, will decide their own involvement in each specific work situation. Furthermore, I argue that contemporary work conditions that demand an almost exclusive dedication to work from artists, not only have a precarizing effect on the artists themselves but also threaten the very continuity of the group as a logic and dynamic of theatrical organization and creation.
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Keywords
Teatro independiente--Perú, Neoliberalismo--Aspectos antropológicos--Perú, Mercado de trabajo--Perú, Empleo precario--Perú
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