El impacto de los vertimientos de agua residual municipal de la EPS Grau sobre sobre la calidad de los recursos hídricos en la parte baja de la Cuenca del río Chira: análisis del Decreto Legislativo 1285
Date
2024-06-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El agua es indispensable para el desarrollo humano; sin embargo, año a año, su
acceso se ha vuelto más limitado por los distintos factores externos que lo
afectan, como el cambio climático y las actividades antropogénicas que inciden
directamente en su cantidad y calidad. De ese modo, se han establecido diversos
mecanismos para su conservación. En el Perú, a través de la Política y Estrategia
Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, se ha establecido líneas de acción para
conservar y recuperar la calidad de los recursos hídricos a fin de lograr su gestión
integrada a nivel nacional.
De ese modo, en el año 2016, se promulgó el Decreto Legislativo N.° 1285, el
cual establece “un plazo no mayor a nueve (9) años para la adecuación
progresiva de los prestadores de servicios de saneamiento a lo establecido en
los artículos 79, 80, 81 y 82 de la Ley N.° 29338, Ley de Recursos Hídricos
(LRH)”.
Al respecto, los prestadores de servicios de saneamiento que se inscriban en el
Registro Único para el Proceso de Adecuación Progresiva no están sujetos a las
sanciones que se hayan generado o generen como consecuencia del
incumplimiento de los artículos 79, 80, 81 y 82 de la LRH, es decir, son sujetos
que no pueden ser fiscalizados por la Autoridad Nacional del Agua por realizar
vertimientos o reúso de agua residual tratada o sin tratar.
Sin embargo, a un año de culminar dicha implementación del DL N.° 1285, no se
ha logrado el objetivo de adecuar los vertimientos del sector saneamiento a la
normativa ambiental vigente. Ello se evidencia en la parte baja de la cuenca
Chira, cuya calidad no ha mejorado y continúa siendo afectada por los
vertimientos de aguas residuales municipales sin tratamiento de la Empresa
Prestadora de Servicios de Saneamiento Grau S. A., ya que a la fecha no cuenta
con ninguna autorización de vertimientos emitida por la Autoridad Nacional del
Agua.
Water is an essential resource for human development; however, year after year, its access has become more limited due to the different external factors that affect it, such as climate change and anthropogenic activities that directly affect its quantity and quality. In this way, various mechanisms have been established for its conservation. In Peru, through the National Water Resources Policy and Strategy, lines of action have been established to conserve and recover the quality of water resources at the national level in order to achieve their integrated management at the national level. In that way, in 2016, Legislative Decree N.° 1285 was promulgated, which establishes a period of no more than nine (9) years for the progressive adaptation of sanitation service providers to the provisions of articles 79. , 80, 81 and 82 of Law No. 29338, Water Resources Law (WRL). In this regard, sanitation service providers who register in the Single Registry for the Progressive Adaptation Process are not subject to the sanctions that have been generated or generated as a consequence of non-compliance with articles 79, 80, 81 and 82 of the WRL, that is, are subjects that cannot be supervised by the National Water Authority for discharging or reusing treated or untreated wastewater. However, one year after completing said implementation of Legislative Decree N.° 1285, the objective of adapting wastewater from the sanitation sector to current environmental regulations has not been achieved. This is evident in the lower part of the Chira basin, whose quality has not improved and continues to be affected by the discharge of municipal wastewater without treatment by the Sanitation Services Provider Company Grau S. A., since to date it does not have any discharge authorization issued by the National Water Authority.
Water is an essential resource for human development; however, year after year, its access has become more limited due to the different external factors that affect it, such as climate change and anthropogenic activities that directly affect its quantity and quality. In this way, various mechanisms have been established for its conservation. In Peru, through the National Water Resources Policy and Strategy, lines of action have been established to conserve and recover the quality of water resources at the national level in order to achieve their integrated management at the national level. In that way, in 2016, Legislative Decree N.° 1285 was promulgated, which establishes a period of no more than nine (9) years for the progressive adaptation of sanitation service providers to the provisions of articles 79. , 80, 81 and 82 of Law No. 29338, Water Resources Law (WRL). In this regard, sanitation service providers who register in the Single Registry for the Progressive Adaptation Process are not subject to the sanctions that have been generated or generated as a consequence of non-compliance with articles 79, 80, 81 and 82 of the WRL, that is, are subjects that cannot be supervised by the National Water Authority for discharging or reusing treated or untreated wastewater. However, one year after completing said implementation of Legislative Decree N.° 1285, the objective of adapting wastewater from the sanitation sector to current environmental regulations has not been achieved. This is evident in the lower part of the Chira basin, whose quality has not improved and continues to be affected by the discharge of municipal wastewater without treatment by the Sanitation Services Provider Company Grau S. A., since to date it does not have any discharge authorization issued by the National Water Authority.
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Keywords
Aguas--Legislación--Perú--Piura, Aguas residuales--Purificación--Tratamiento--Perú--Piura, Calidad del agua--Perú--Piura, Calidad ambiental--Perú--Piura
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