Concepciones alternativas sobre los cambios de estado y el ciclo de agua de niños de 6° de primaria de una escuela privada
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Se exploraron las concepciones alternativas de estudiantes de sexto grado sobre los
cambios de estado y el ciclo del agua, incluyendo ideas relativas al uso y la gestión del agua. El
estudio, de enfoque cualitativo interpretativo, se realizó con seis estudiantes (11–12 años) de una
escuela privada de Lima. La información se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, una
tarea de dibujo del “viaje” de una gota y la observación de experimentos sencillos (ebullición y
condensación). El análisis de contenido mostró patrones recurrentes: explicaciones parciales y
en ocasiones lineales (con inicios y finales sin retorno), omisión o confusión de la condensación
y del principio de conservación, ausencia de agua subterránea o su concepción como depósito
estático, y mezcla del ciclo natural con el circuito urbano (empresa, plantas, cañerías). En lo
doméstico, apareció una potabilización simplificada (hervir, cloro o filtro como soluciones
totales) y el destino del agua usada se describió mayormente como descarga directa a río o mar,
sin tratamiento ni reúso explícitos. Estos hallazgos coinciden con la literatura que atribuye peso
a lo visible y a la experiencia próxima en la construcción de modelos escolares. Se concluye que
la enseñanza debe hacer visible lo no observable (condensación, acuíferos, tratamiento de aguas
servidas), distinguir claramente ciclo natural y circuito urbano, y precisar qué sí y qué no hace
cada método doméstico, promoviendo—desde el cambio conceptual—explicaciones más
integradas y científicamente adecuadas.
Alternative conceptions held by sixth-grade students about phase changes and the water cycle were explored, including ideas related to water use and management. The study, framed in an interpretive qualitative approach, was conducted with six students (11–12 years) from a private school in Lima. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, a drawing task on the “journey” of a water drop, and the observation of simple experiments (boiling and condensation). Content analysis revealed recurrent patterns: partial and at times linear explanations (with beginnings and endings that do not return), omission or confusion of condensation and of the principle of conservation, absence of groundwater or its treatment as a static reservoir, and a blending of the natural cycle with the urban water system (utility, treatment plants, pipelines). In the domestic sphere, a simplified view of potabilization emerged (boiling, chlorine, or filters as total solutions), and the fate of used water was described mostly as direct discharge to river or sea, without explicit treatment or reuse. These findings align with literature that underscores the weight of the visible and of near experience in students’ model building. It is concluded that instruction should make the non-observable visible (condensation, aquifers, wastewater treatment), clearly distinguish the natural cycle from the urban system, and specify what each household method does and does not do, thereby promoting—within a conceptual change framework—more integrated and scientifically adequate explanations.
Alternative conceptions held by sixth-grade students about phase changes and the water cycle were explored, including ideas related to water use and management. The study, framed in an interpretive qualitative approach, was conducted with six students (11–12 years) from a private school in Lima. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, a drawing task on the “journey” of a water drop, and the observation of simple experiments (boiling and condensation). Content analysis revealed recurrent patterns: partial and at times linear explanations (with beginnings and endings that do not return), omission or confusion of condensation and of the principle of conservation, absence of groundwater or its treatment as a static reservoir, and a blending of the natural cycle with the urban water system (utility, treatment plants, pipelines). In the domestic sphere, a simplified view of potabilization emerged (boiling, chlorine, or filters as total solutions), and the fate of used water was described mostly as direct discharge to river or sea, without explicit treatment or reuse. These findings align with literature that underscores the weight of the visible and of near experience in students’ model building. It is concluded that instruction should make the non-observable visible (condensation, aquifers, wastewater treatment), clearly distinguish the natural cycle from the urban system, and specify what each household method does and does not do, thereby promoting—within a conceptual change framework—more integrated and scientifically adequate explanations.
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Estudiantes (Educación primaria)--Investigaciones, Agua--Ciclo de vida, Agua--Administración
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