La confidencialidad en los arbitrajes bajo las normas de contrataciones del Estado. Una reflexión a propósito de los actos de corrupción cometidos en sede arbitral
Date
2024-08-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Como punto de partida, se menciona al arbitraje como concepto, su naturaleza jurídica,
los principios que les rodea y su vinculación con el orden público. Aquí aparece, una de
sus características fundamentales: la confidencialidad que, por ser privada, busca
resguardar el prestigio y/o reputación de las partes y de los árbitros.
Más adelante, se aborda el objetivo de esta tesis; describir y discutir una realidad jurídica
en el arbitraje bajo las normas de contrataciones del Estado, las cuales cuentan con dos
elementos propios del sector público: (i) el interés público y (ii) el principio de
transparencia abarca, entre otros aspectos, el derecho fundamental a obtener la
información.
En ese escenario, la confidencialidad se confronta con el interés público en esta clase
de arbitrajes. Así, podemos observar que, a nivel normativo, se presenta lo siguiente:
En la ley de arbitraje, está regulada la confidencialidad y ésta se aplica
supletoriamente en las normas de contrataciones con el Estado.
Si una de las partes esel Estado, debe primar el interés público y el buen uso delos
recursos públicos; advirtiéndose que la Ley de Arbitraje es aplicables para ambas
situaciones. Sin embargo, entre particulares no es obligatoria la transparencia.
Esta tensión normativa hizo que estos arbitrajes fuesen un potencial factor creador de
espacios de corrupción, lo que implica considerar la posibilidad de crear un marco
normativo independiente de arbitraje estatal que pueda armonizar a la confidencialidadcon
el interés público y el principio de transparencia bajo las normas de contrataciones del
Estado.
As a starting point, arbitration is mentioned as a concept, its legal nature, the principles surrounding it and its relationship with public order. Here appears one of its fundamental characteristics: confidentiality, which, due to its private nature, seeks to protect the reputation of the parties and the arbitrators. Further on, the objective of this thesis is addressed: to describe and discuss a legal reality in arbitration under the rules of State contracting, which have two elements typical of the public sector: (i) the public interest and (ii) the principle of transparency, which even contains access to information as a fundamental right. However, at present, confidentiality is confronted with the public interest. Thus, we can observe that, at the regulatory level, the following is present: -The confidentiality contained in the arbitration law applies supplementarily in the rules of contracting with the State. -Between private parties, transparency is not mandatory. On the other hand, if one of the parties is the State, concepts such as the public interest and the adequate use of public resources must prevail; it should be noted that the arbitration law is applicable to both situations. This regulatory tension has made these arbitrations a potential factor creating spaces for corruption, which implies considering the possibility of creating an independent regulatory framework for state arbitration that can harmonize confidentiality with the public interest and the principle of transparency under the rules of state contracting.
As a starting point, arbitration is mentioned as a concept, its legal nature, the principles surrounding it and its relationship with public order. Here appears one of its fundamental characteristics: confidentiality, which, due to its private nature, seeks to protect the reputation of the parties and the arbitrators. Further on, the objective of this thesis is addressed: to describe and discuss a legal reality in arbitration under the rules of State contracting, which have two elements typical of the public sector: (i) the public interest and (ii) the principle of transparency, which even contains access to information as a fundamental right. However, at present, confidentiality is confronted with the public interest. Thus, we can observe that, at the regulatory level, the following is present: -The confidentiality contained in the arbitration law applies supplementarily in the rules of contracting with the State. -Between private parties, transparency is not mandatory. On the other hand, if one of the parties is the State, concepts such as the public interest and the adequate use of public resources must prevail; it should be noted that the arbitration law is applicable to both situations. This regulatory tension has made these arbitrations a potential factor creating spaces for corruption, which implies considering the possibility of creating an independent regulatory framework for state arbitration that can harmonize confidentiality with the public interest and the principle of transparency under the rules of state contracting.
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Keywords
Arbitraje--Perú, Contratos públicos--Legislación--Perú, Administración pública--Perú, Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú, Corrupción administrativa--Perú
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