Características que determinan el nivel de escepticismo para un profesional contable que labora en una firma de auditoría en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación analizó las características que determinan el nivel
de escepticismo profesional en contadores que laboran en firmas internacionales
de auditoría en Perú, específicamente evaluando si el género, la experiencia
profesional y la afiliación a una firma de auditoría influyen en este atributo
fundamental para garantizar la calidad y confiabilidad de las auditorías
financieras. El diseño adoptado fue no experimental tipo comparativo, observando
y analizando cómo estas características se relacionan con el escepticismo
profesional. Para medir el escepticismo profesional se utilizó el cuestionario
Hurtt Professional Skepticism Scale (HPSS), instrumento validado que
evalúa seis dimensiones: mente interrogante, suspensión del juicio, búsqueda
de conocimiento, comprensión interpersonal, autoestima y autonomía. Metodológicamente,
se recopilaron datos mediante encuestas aplicadas a 128 profesionales
de auditoría de las firmas denominadas Zafiro y Rubí (64 de cada
firma), utilizándose la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney para el análisis
comparativo debido a la distribución no normal de los datos. Se halló que no
existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el nivel de escepticismo
profesional según género (p > 0.05 en todas las dimensiones), ni según experiencia
profesional (p > 0.05 en todas las dimensiones). Respecto a la afiliación
a firma, tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en el nivel global
de escepticismo profesional, con la única excepción del indicador "seguridad"
(p = 0.046), donde los profesionales de la firma Rubí mostraron mayor
confianza al aplicar su juicio crítico. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el escepticismo
profesional en las Big Four que operan en Perú ha alcanzado un nivel
de estandarización donde las características individuales tradicionales no generan
diferencias significativas, resaltando la efectividad de los procesos de
formación y socialización profesional, aunque identifican oportunidades de
mejora específicas en aspectos relacionados con la seguridad y confianza
profesional según la cultura organizacional de cada firma.
This research analyzed the characteristics that determine the level of professional skepticism in accountants working in international audit firms in Peru, specifically evaluating whether gender, professional experience, and affiliation with an audit firm influence this fundamental attribute to guarantee the quality and reliability of financial audits. The design adopted was non-experimental and comparative, observing and analyzing how these characteristics relate to professional skepticism. To measure professional skepticism, the Hurtt Professional Skepticism Scale (HPSS) questionnaire was used, a validated instrument that assesses six dimensions: questioning mind, suspension of judgment, search for knowledge, interpersonal understanding, self-esteem, and autonomy. Methodologically, data were collected through surveys applied to 128 audit professionals from the firms called Zafiro and Rubi (64 from each firm), using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test for comparative analysis due to the non-normal distribution of the data. No statistically significant differences were found in the level of professional skepticism based on gender (p > 0.05 in all dimensions) or professional experience (p > 0.05 in all dimensions). Regarding firm affiliation, no significant differences were found in the overall level of professional skepticism, with the sole exception of the "security" indicator (p = 0.046), where the firm Rubi’s professionals displayed greater confidence in applying their critical judgment. These findings suggest that professional skepticism in the Big Four firms operating in Peru has reached a level of standardization where traditional individual characteristics do not generate significant differences. This highlights the effectiveness of professional training and socialization processes, although they do identify specific opportunities for improvement in aspects related to professional security and trust depending on the organizational culture of each firm.
This research analyzed the characteristics that determine the level of professional skepticism in accountants working in international audit firms in Peru, specifically evaluating whether gender, professional experience, and affiliation with an audit firm influence this fundamental attribute to guarantee the quality and reliability of financial audits. The design adopted was non-experimental and comparative, observing and analyzing how these characteristics relate to professional skepticism. To measure professional skepticism, the Hurtt Professional Skepticism Scale (HPSS) questionnaire was used, a validated instrument that assesses six dimensions: questioning mind, suspension of judgment, search for knowledge, interpersonal understanding, self-esteem, and autonomy. Methodologically, data were collected through surveys applied to 128 audit professionals from the firms called Zafiro and Rubi (64 from each firm), using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test for comparative analysis due to the non-normal distribution of the data. No statistically significant differences were found in the level of professional skepticism based on gender (p > 0.05 in all dimensions) or professional experience (p > 0.05 in all dimensions). Regarding firm affiliation, no significant differences were found in the overall level of professional skepticism, with the sole exception of the "security" indicator (p = 0.046), where the firm Rubi’s professionals displayed greater confidence in applying their critical judgment. These findings suggest that professional skepticism in the Big Four firms operating in Peru has reached a level of standardization where traditional individual characteristics do not generate significant differences. This highlights the effectiveness of professional training and socialization processes, although they do identify specific opportunities for improvement in aspects related to professional security and trust depending on the organizational culture of each firm.
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Auditoría, Estados financieros, Cultura organizacional, Contadores--Formación profesional
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