El impacto de la obsolescencia programada frente a los derechos de los consumidores en el contexto peruano
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El desarrollo comercial y tecnológico ha llevado a las empresas a adoptar estrategias como la
obsolescencia programada, que consiste en reducir intencionalmente la vida útil de un producto
para fomentar su reemplazo por uno nuevo. Esta práctica afecta los derechos de los
consumidores, como el acceso a la información y la posibilidad de reparar los productos. Así,
el trabajo de investigación empieza ahondando sobre la definición de la obsolescencia y,
posteriormente, establece alcances respecto a lo que se conoce actualmente como
obsolescencia programada, así como un análisis a los derechos básicos de todo consumidor: el
derecho a la información y reparación. La investigación también aborda la economía circular,
que propone la reutilización y reparación de productos para reducir residuos y proteger el
medio ambiente, un enfoque aún no adoptado en la legislación peruana. Se analiza la normativa
en otros países, como Bélgica, que exige un etiquetado especial para informar a los
consumidores sobre la vida útil y la disponibilidad de repuestos, además de Francia, que
establece sanciones frente a determinadas conductas ilícitas en las operaciones de consumo y,
se destaca el caso de Apple Inc. en 2017, que expuso la problemática de la obsolescencia
programada a nivel mundial. Asimismo, se propone en Perú una alternativa regulatoria de
modificación al Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor para incluir la obligación de
informar sobre la obsolescencia programada en el etiquetado de los productos, siguiendo el
modelo belga. Por su parte, se plantea una alternativa no regulatoria de que se emplee
voluntariamente el modelo de economía circular en las operaciones de consumo. Finalmente,
la propuesta regulatoria aparece como una mejor opción pues busca mejorar la protección de
los consumidores al asegurar que tengan acceso a la información necesaria para tomar
decisiones informadas y puedan reparar sus productos durante su vida útil, ello, a partir de
incorporar un resumen informativo en los productos.
Commercial and technological development has led companies to adopt strategies such as planned obsolescence, which consists of intentionally reducing the useful life of a product to encourage its replacement with a new one. This practice affects consumer rights, such as access to information and the ability to repair products. Thus, the research work begins by delving into the definition of obsolescence and, subsequently, establishes scope regarding what is currently known as planned obsolescence, as well as an analysis of the basic rights of every consumer: the right to information and repair. The research also addresses the circular economy, which proposes the reuse and repair of products to reduce waste and protect the environment, an approach not yet adopted in Peruvian legislation. The regulations in other countries are analyzed, such as Belgium, which requires special labeling to inform consumers about the useful life and availability of spare parts, in addition to France, which establishes sanctions against certain illicit conduct in consumer operations and, The case of Apple Inc. in 2017 stands out, which exposed the problem of planned obsolescence worldwide. Finally, a regulatory alternative to modify the Consumer Protection and Defense Code is proposed in Peru to include the obligation to report planned obsolescence on product labeling, following the Belgian model. For its part, a non-regulatory alternative is proposed to voluntarily use the circular economy model in consumer operations. Finally, the regulatory proposal appears to be a better option as it seeks to improve consumer protection by ensuring that they have access to the information necessary to make informed decisions and can repair their products during their useful life, by incorporating an informative summary. in the products.
Commercial and technological development has led companies to adopt strategies such as planned obsolescence, which consists of intentionally reducing the useful life of a product to encourage its replacement with a new one. This practice affects consumer rights, such as access to information and the ability to repair products. Thus, the research work begins by delving into the definition of obsolescence and, subsequently, establishes scope regarding what is currently known as planned obsolescence, as well as an analysis of the basic rights of every consumer: the right to information and repair. The research also addresses the circular economy, which proposes the reuse and repair of products to reduce waste and protect the environment, an approach not yet adopted in Peruvian legislation. The regulations in other countries are analyzed, such as Belgium, which requires special labeling to inform consumers about the useful life and availability of spare parts, in addition to France, which establishes sanctions against certain illicit conduct in consumer operations and, The case of Apple Inc. in 2017 stands out, which exposed the problem of planned obsolescence worldwide. Finally, a regulatory alternative to modify the Consumer Protection and Defense Code is proposed in Peru to include the obligation to report planned obsolescence on product labeling, following the Belgian model. For its part, a non-regulatory alternative is proposed to voluntarily use the circular economy model in consumer operations. Finally, the regulatory proposal appears to be a better option as it seeks to improve consumer protection by ensuring that they have access to the information necessary to make informed decisions and can repair their products during their useful life, by incorporating an informative summary. in the products.
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Protección del consumidor--Perú, Derecho administrativo--Legislación--Perú, Economía ambiental, Derecho y economía
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item.page.review
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