Caracterización y valoración del paisaje rizícola de Guadalupe como aporte para la gestión territorial
Date
2023-12-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación es una respuesta al vacío de investigaciones académicas sobre los
paisajes rizícolas en el Perú. Por ello, se analiza el paisaje del distrito de Guadalupe desde la
construcción de la represa de Gallito Ciego en 1988 hasta la actualidad con el objetivo de aportar
al diseño de un plan del paisaje agrícola que considere los nuevos escenarios y necesidades de la
gestión territorial. La hipótesis inicial propone que la lectura (memoria, lectura, análisis) del
paisaje rizícola en Guadalupe permite conocer su multidimensionalidad y su configuración
territorial; y con ello, proponer estrategias para su protección, conservación y puesta en valor
que responda a las necesidades de la eficiencia de uso del agua y del suelo.
Asimismo, para fines de esta investigación se adaptó la metodología propuesta por el gobierno
británico, Landscape Character Assessment, la cual utiliza variables mixtas para la recolección y
procesamiento de datos. Ello incluye una revisión histórica de la configuración del paisaje, análisis
de imágenes satelitales, recolección a través de grupos focales, talleres y entrevistas para la
identificación de las unidades y elementos que componen el paisaje. Se concluye que el paisaje
rizícola ya era predominante en Guadalupe antes de la construcción de la represa Gallito Ciego,
pero dicha infraestructura aceleró dicho proceso y lo consolidó. También, ante la ocurrencia de
eventos climáticos, la reducción de la capacidad de almacenaje de la represa y la influencia de la
agricultura de exportación, los desafíos aumentan para los agricultores de arroz de Guadalupe,
especialmente para los más pequeños. Así, se reflexiona sobre la importancia de incluir en las
propuestas de gestión territorial, el reconocimiento de las tradiciones, imaginarios y actividades
asociadas. Finalmente, se concluye que el paisaje de Guadalupe es agrícola e histórico con un
gran potencial de diversificación de las actividades económicas mediante la ejecución de un plan.
The research addresses the gap in academic studies on rhizoculture landscapes in Peru, specifically focusing on the Guadalupe district from the construction of the Gallito Ciego dam in 1988 to the present. The objective is to contribute to the development of an agricultural landscape plan that considers emerging scenarios and territorial management needs. The initial hypothesis proposes that an examination of the rice landscape in Guadalupe, involving memory, analysis, and interpretation, provides insights into its multidimensionality and territorial configuration. This understanding, in turn, informs strategies for the protection, conservation, and enhancement of the landscape, with a focus on improving water and soil use efficiency. The research adopts the Landscape Character Assessment methodology proposed by the British government, employing mixed variables for data collection and processing. This includes a comprehensive historical review of the landscape, analysis of satellite images, and data collection through focus groups, workshops, and interviews to identify landscape units and elements. The conclusion drawn is that the rhizome landscape was already prevalent in Guadalupe before the construction of the Gallito Ciego dam, and the infrastructure expedited and solidified this process. Challenges are amplified for rice farmers due to climatic events, reduced dam capacity, and the impact of export agriculture, particularly affecting smaller farmers. The study underscores the importance of recognizing traditions, imaginaries, and associated activities in territorial management proposals. In summary, Guadalupe's landscape, encompassing both agricultural and historical aspects, holds significant potential for economic diversification through the implementation of a landscape plan.
The research addresses the gap in academic studies on rhizoculture landscapes in Peru, specifically focusing on the Guadalupe district from the construction of the Gallito Ciego dam in 1988 to the present. The objective is to contribute to the development of an agricultural landscape plan that considers emerging scenarios and territorial management needs. The initial hypothesis proposes that an examination of the rice landscape in Guadalupe, involving memory, analysis, and interpretation, provides insights into its multidimensionality and territorial configuration. This understanding, in turn, informs strategies for the protection, conservation, and enhancement of the landscape, with a focus on improving water and soil use efficiency. The research adopts the Landscape Character Assessment methodology proposed by the British government, employing mixed variables for data collection and processing. This includes a comprehensive historical review of the landscape, analysis of satellite images, and data collection through focus groups, workshops, and interviews to identify landscape units and elements. The conclusion drawn is that the rhizome landscape was already prevalent in Guadalupe before the construction of the Gallito Ciego dam, and the infrastructure expedited and solidified this process. Challenges are amplified for rice farmers due to climatic events, reduced dam capacity, and the impact of export agriculture, particularly affecting smaller farmers. The study underscores the importance of recognizing traditions, imaginaries, and associated activities in territorial management proposals. In summary, Guadalupe's landscape, encompassing both agricultural and historical aspects, holds significant potential for economic diversification through the implementation of a landscape plan.
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Keywords
Paisaje--Perú--Guadalupe (La Libertad : Ciudad), Paisaje--Perú--Lambayeque, Arroz--Cultivo--Perú--Guadalupe (La Libertad : Ciudad), Territorialidad--Administración--Perú--Guadalupe (La Libertad : Ciudad)
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