Concepciones y creencias docentes sobre el colegio democrático
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2014-10-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El proceso de construcción de la democracia en el colegio tiene como actor principal al docente,
cuyas concepciones y creencias influirán en su práctica pedagógica. Por este motivo, el presente
estudio tuvo como propósito explorar las concepciones y creencias de los docentes sobre el
colegio democrático. Se entrevistó a ocho profesores de una institución educativa pública
secundaria. Los resultados mostraron que ellos no reconocen la construcción de una sociedad
democrática como fin de la educación, sino que perciben que su objetivo principalmente es
formar emprendedores y personas preparadas para el mundo laboral. Si bien mencionan el
desarrollo de habilidades y la formación integral como fines de la educación, estos no se dirigen
al desarrollo de la ciudadanía de sus estudiantes. La mayoría comprende la democracia
principalmente como un sistema de gobierno, algunos solamente como una forma de vida y
otros mencionan ambas. Además, piensan que esta es blanda, no sabe aplicar normas, que en
democracia la libertad de expresión se tergiversa y que los políticos se aprovechan de la
ignorancia del pueblo para conseguir votos. En el colegio la democracia se entiende
principalmente como participación en programas escolares para la democracia o en acciones
centradas en el docente. Los profesores consideran que las familias no contribuyen con la
formación de los estudiantes, que el colegio no puede hacer nada por los estudiantes con
familias problemáticas y que los alumnos llegan con muchas limitaciones que dificultan la
enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Además, sus creencias sobre su rol como docentes los distancian de
posturas democráticas. Sobre disciplina y métodos correctivos se encuentra poca claridad y
frustración en los profesores. La mayoría está de acuerdo con la participación de alumnos en la
elaboración de normas, pero con límites y guía del docente.
Teachers are principal actors in the process of building democracy in school, while their conceptions and beliefs have influence in their pedagogical practice. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore teacher’s conceptions and beliefs about democratic schools. Eight public secondary school teachers where interviewed for the study. Results show that teachers do not recognize that building a democratic society is one of the aims of education. Instead, they perceive entrepreneurship and educating for the work world as its principal aims. Even though they mention development of abilities and integral training, these are not directed to the development of citizenship in their students. The majority of teachers understand democracy only as a government system, others just as a way of living and some mention of these characteristics. Also, they think that democracy is weak, do not apply rules, in democracy freedom of expression is misunderstood and politicians take advantage of peoples ignorance to get votes. In school, democracy is understood principally as involvement in school programs for democracy or teacher centered actions. Teachers consider families can’t contribute to student’s education, school can’t do anything for students with problematic families and that they arrive to school with several limitations that make difficult teaching and learning. Additionally, they hold beliefs about teacher’s role that distance them from democratic stances. Little clarity and frustration was found in relation to discipline and corrective methods. The majority of teachers agree with student’s participation in the creation of rules, but with limits and teacher’s guide.
Teachers are principal actors in the process of building democracy in school, while their conceptions and beliefs have influence in their pedagogical practice. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore teacher’s conceptions and beliefs about democratic schools. Eight public secondary school teachers where interviewed for the study. Results show that teachers do not recognize that building a democratic society is one of the aims of education. Instead, they perceive entrepreneurship and educating for the work world as its principal aims. Even though they mention development of abilities and integral training, these are not directed to the development of citizenship in their students. The majority of teachers understand democracy only as a government system, others just as a way of living and some mention of these characteristics. Also, they think that democracy is weak, do not apply rules, in democracy freedom of expression is misunderstood and politicians take advantage of peoples ignorance to get votes. In school, democracy is understood principally as involvement in school programs for democracy or teacher centered actions. Teachers consider families can’t contribute to student’s education, school can’t do anything for students with problematic families and that they arrive to school with several limitations that make difficult teaching and learning. Additionally, they hold beliefs about teacher’s role that distance them from democratic stances. Little clarity and frustration was found in relation to discipline and corrective methods. The majority of teachers agree with student’s participation in the creation of rules, but with limits and teacher’s guide.
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Creencia y duda, Personal docente--Aspectos psicológicos, Educación ciudadana.
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