Tratamiento jurídico de los pasivos ambientales mineros en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
En el presente trabajo, intentaremos darle una explicación a la pregunta ¿Qué
derecho tiene el Estado Peruano para entregar pasivos ambientales mineros a
terceros, en las modalidades de remediación voluntaria? Los pasivos
ambientales mineros son, por su naturaleza, residuos abandonados de
actividades mineras pasadas, que no fueron debidamente cerrados, o
remediados. No obstante, un hecho que no podemos negar es que son
generados por la actividad humana, lo cual induce a pensar que, si tienen un
generador, deben tener un “dueño”, por lo que, su propiedad es de quien los
genera, sin embargo, la legislación peruana permite al Estado poder otorgar
estos pasivos a terceros interesados, para que estos apliquen cualquiera de las
modalidades de remediación voluntaria.
¿Cómo es esto posible? ¿Como es que el Estado puede entregar a terceros la
propiedad de alguien más?, en este trabajo analizaremos la justificación legal,
implícita o explicita de esta atribución por parte del Estado Peruano. Para ello,
analizaremos, en primer lugar, porque el estado es quien entrega los pasivos
ambientales mineros, es decir, cual es deber del Estado respecto a los pasivos
ambientales mineros, o en otras palabras ¿Por qué el estado es el llamado a
velar por la debida gestión de los pasivos ambientales mineros?
En Segundo Lugar, analizaremos que la figura de la concesión, como posible
explicación y figura legal para justificar la legalidad de la entrega por parte del
Estado Peruano respecto de un pasivo ambiental minero a un tercero que no lo
generó; no cumple con los requisitos necesarios para ser la figura legal idónea,
toda vez que esta, está diseñada para cubrir nuevas actividades.
Saliendo del ámbito administrativo minero, analizaremos que dentro las normas
civiles, su jurisprudencia y doctrina, respecto a la propiedad de los bienes, su
puede encontrar un razonamiento idóneo para identificar aquellos que
abandonan sus bienes pierden la titularidad sobre ellos, dejando al estado dentro
de sus normas administrativas, la facultad y responsabilidad de su disposición
final.
In this paper, we will try to explain the question: What right does the Peruvian State have to hand over mining environmental liabilities to third parties, in the modalities of voluntary remediation? Mining environmental liabilities are, by their nature, abandoned waste from past mining activities, which were not properly closed or remediated. However, a fact that we cannot deny is that they are generated by human activity, which leads us to think that, if they have a generator, they must have an "owner", so their property belongs to the person who generates them, however, Peruvian legislation allows the State to grant these liabilities to interested third parties, so that they apply any of the modalities of voluntary remediation. How is this possible? How is it that the State can hand over someone else's property to third parties?, in this paper we will analyze the legal, implicit or explicit justification of this attribution by the Peruvian State. To do this, we will analyze, in the first place, why the state is the one who delivers the mining environmental liabilities, that is, what is the duty of the State with respect to the mining environmental liabilities, or in other words, why is the state called upon to ensure the proper management of mining environmental liabilities? Secondly, we will analyze that the figure of the concession, as a possible explanation and legal figure to justify the legality of the delivery by the Peruvian State with respect to a mining environmental liability to a third party that did not generate it; it does not meet the necessary requirements to be the ideal legal figure, since it is designed to cover new activities. Leaving the mining administrative field, we will analyze that within the civil regulations, their jurisprudence and doctrine, regarding the ownership of the goods, an ideal reasoning can be found to identify those who abandon their assets lose ownership over them, leaving to the state within its administrative rules, the power and responsibility of their final disposal.
In this paper, we will try to explain the question: What right does the Peruvian State have to hand over mining environmental liabilities to third parties, in the modalities of voluntary remediation? Mining environmental liabilities are, by their nature, abandoned waste from past mining activities, which were not properly closed or remediated. However, a fact that we cannot deny is that they are generated by human activity, which leads us to think that, if they have a generator, they must have an "owner", so their property belongs to the person who generates them, however, Peruvian legislation allows the State to grant these liabilities to interested third parties, so that they apply any of the modalities of voluntary remediation. How is this possible? How is it that the State can hand over someone else's property to third parties?, in this paper we will analyze the legal, implicit or explicit justification of this attribution by the Peruvian State. To do this, we will analyze, in the first place, why the state is the one who delivers the mining environmental liabilities, that is, what is the duty of the State with respect to the mining environmental liabilities, or in other words, why is the state called upon to ensure the proper management of mining environmental liabilities? Secondly, we will analyze that the figure of the concession, as a possible explanation and legal figure to justify the legality of the delivery by the Peruvian State with respect to a mining environmental liability to a third party that did not generate it; it does not meet the necessary requirements to be the ideal legal figure, since it is designed to cover new activities. Leaving the mining administrative field, we will analyze that within the civil regulations, their jurisprudence and doctrine, regarding the ownership of the goods, an ideal reasoning can be found to identify those who abandon their assets lose ownership over them, leaving to the state within its administrative rules, the power and responsibility of their final disposal.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Derecho ambiental--Legislación--Perú, Industria minera--Aspectos ambientales--Perú, Desarrollo sostenible--Perú, Responsabilidad por daños al medio ambiente