Necesidades psicológicas básicas, motivación y flow en estudiantes universitarios de arte
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2014-11-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre las necesidades
psicológicas básicas (autonomía, competencia y relación), los diferentes tipos de
motivación (autónoma, controlada y desmotivación) y el flow en un grupo de
estudiantes de arte. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 194 estudiantes de una
universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. Se encontró que la satisfacción de las
necesidades psicológicas básicas se relaciona de manera directa con motivación
autónoma (r = .52, p < .001; ß = .51, p < .001). Además, se halló que la satisfacción
global de las necesidades psicológicas básicas se relaciona de manera directa con flow (r
= .37, p < .001; ß = .38, p < .001). Por su parte, la frustración de las necesidades se
relaciona de manera directa con motivación controlada (r = .34, p < .001; ß = .36, p <
.001) y con desmotivación (r = .45, p < .001; ß = .46, p < .001) Por su parte, la
motivación autónoma se relaciona directamente con flow (r = .24, p < .01; ß = .25, p <
.01) Por otro lado, no existe relación entre motivación controlada y flow. Por último, la
desmotivación se relaciona de manera negativa con flow (r = .22, p < .01; ß = .25, p <
.01). Además, la satisfacción de la necesidad de competencia media la relación entre
motivación autónoma y flow. Los resultados son discutidos a la luz de la teoría de la
autotederminación, la teoría del flow y la integración de ambas.
The aim of this study was to examine the interplay between basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness), different types of motivation (autonomous, controlled and amotivation) and flow in a group of art students. The sample consisted of 194 students from a private university in Lima. It was found that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs relates directly with autonomous motivation (r = .52, p <.001, ß = .51, p <.001). It also also found that the overall satisfaction of basic psychological needs is related directly with flow (r = .37, p <.001, ß = .38, p <.001). Meanwhile, needs frustration relates directly controlled motivation (r = .34, p <.001, ß = .36, p <.001) and amotivation (r = .45, p <. 001, ß = .46, p <.001). Also, autonomous motivation is directly related to flow (r = .24, p <.01, ß = .25, p <.01) On the other hand, there is no relationship between flow and controlled motivation. Finally, amotivation is related negatively with flow (r = .22, p <.01, ß = .25, p < .01). In addition, satisfaction of the need for competence mediates the relation between autonomous motivation and flow. These results are discussed in the context of self-determination theory, flow theory and the integration of both.
The aim of this study was to examine the interplay between basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness), different types of motivation (autonomous, controlled and amotivation) and flow in a group of art students. The sample consisted of 194 students from a private university in Lima. It was found that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs relates directly with autonomous motivation (r = .52, p <.001, ß = .51, p <.001). It also also found that the overall satisfaction of basic psychological needs is related directly with flow (r = .37, p <.001, ß = .38, p <.001). Meanwhile, needs frustration relates directly controlled motivation (r = .34, p <.001, ß = .36, p <.001) and amotivation (r = .45, p <. 001, ß = .46, p <.001). Also, autonomous motivation is directly related to flow (r = .24, p <.01, ß = .25, p <.01) On the other hand, there is no relationship between flow and controlled motivation. Finally, amotivation is related negatively with flow (r = .22, p <.01, ß = .25, p < .01). In addition, satisfaction of the need for competence mediates the relation between autonomous motivation and flow. These results are discussed in the context of self-determination theory, flow theory and the integration of both.
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Personalidad, Motivación (Psicología), Estudiantes universitarios--Aspectos psicológicos
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