Distribución y comportamiento del Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ti, V y Zn en las aguas y sedimentos de la ensenada Ezcurra, bahía Almirantazgo, Antártida – Indicadores del retroceso glaciar
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2025-01-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La ensenada Ezcurra (bahía Almirantazgo, isla Rey Jorge, Antártida occidental) presenta un
contexto de generación de drenaje ácido de roca (DAR), producido por la oxidación de pirita
en los afloramientos expuestos producto del retroceso glaciar en la masa continental de la caleta
Cardozo. Este drenaje desemboca en las aguas de la ensenada a través de escorrentías y aguas
subterráneas proporcionando un importante aporte de Fe, el cual se correlaciona con una mayor
producción de fitoplancton cerca de la fuente. Los resultados geoquímicos en la columna de
agua, el agua intersticial de los sedimentos y en los sedimentos mismos, han evidenciado la
presencia de Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ti, V y Zn. Las altas concentraciones de estos
elementos, con excepción de Cu y Zn, se correlacionan con un marcado cambio litológico en
el sedimento a 90 cm de profundidad, donde se observa un aumento de materia orgánica, óxidos
e hidróxidos de hierro, y presencia de pirita framboidal por encima de los 90 cm, indicando el
inicio del DAR y junto a ello el retroceso glaciar. De acuerdo con la tasa de sedimentación
propuesta previamente para la ensenada Ezcurra (0.33 cm/año), se estima que el DAR de caleta
Cardozo podría haberse iniciado hace 273 años, lo cual coincidiría con el contexto de los
albores de la Revolución Industrial. El aporte de Fe contribuiría en la precipitación de pirita
framboidal en el sedimento en un contexto de microambientes reducidos, relacionados al
proceso de reducción bacteriana de sulfato. Antes de la exposición de los sulfuros a la
oxidación, la presencia de minerales de alta temperatura como clorita, epidota y pirita primaria
evidencia una mineralización hidrotermal en la masa continental de la ensenada, que fue
depositada por erosión glacial en los sedimentos a profundidades mayores de 90 cm.
The Ezcurra inlet (Admiralty bay, King George island, west Antarctica) presents a context of the generation of acid rock drainage (ARD), produced by the oxidation of pyrite belonging to the outcrops exposed after the glacial retreat in the continental mass of Cardozo cove. This drainage flows into the waters of the inlet through runoff and groundwater, providing an important input of Fe, which correlates with greater phytoplankton production close to the source. The geochemical results in the water column, pore water of the sediments and in the sediments themselves have shown the presence of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ti, V and Zn. The high concentrations of these elements, except Cu and Zn, correlate with a marked lithological change in the sediment at 90 cm depth, where an increase in organic matter, iron oxides and hydroxides, and the presence of framboidal pyrite above 90 cm are observed, indicating the beginning of the DAR and with it the glacial retreat. According to the previously proposed sedimentation rate of the Ezcurra inlet (0.33 cm/year), ARD would have started approximately 273 years ago, correlating with the context of the Industrial Revolution. The input of Fe would contribute to the precipitation of framboidal pyrite in the sediment in a context of reduced microenvironments through the bacterial sulfate reduction process. Before the exposure to oxidation, high-temperature minerals such as chlorite, epidote and primary pyrite evidence hydrothermal mineralization in the continental mass of the inlet, deposited by glacial erosion in the sediments below 90 cm depth.
The Ezcurra inlet (Admiralty bay, King George island, west Antarctica) presents a context of the generation of acid rock drainage (ARD), produced by the oxidation of pyrite belonging to the outcrops exposed after the glacial retreat in the continental mass of Cardozo cove. This drainage flows into the waters of the inlet through runoff and groundwater, providing an important input of Fe, which correlates with greater phytoplankton production close to the source. The geochemical results in the water column, pore water of the sediments and in the sediments themselves have shown the presence of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ti, V and Zn. The high concentrations of these elements, except Cu and Zn, correlate with a marked lithological change in the sediment at 90 cm depth, where an increase in organic matter, iron oxides and hydroxides, and the presence of framboidal pyrite above 90 cm are observed, indicating the beginning of the DAR and with it the glacial retreat. According to the previously proposed sedimentation rate of the Ezcurra inlet (0.33 cm/year), ARD would have started approximately 273 years ago, correlating with the context of the Industrial Revolution. The input of Fe would contribute to the precipitation of framboidal pyrite in the sediment in a context of reduced microenvironments through the bacterial sulfate reduction process. Before the exposure to oxidation, high-temperature minerals such as chlorite, epidote and primary pyrite evidence hydrothermal mineralization in the continental mass of the inlet, deposited by glacial erosion in the sediments below 90 cm depth.
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Keywords
Agua de mar--Contenido de hierro--Antártida, Drenaje ácido de minas--Antártida, Sedimentación--Antártida, Retroceso glaciar--Antártida
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