Aplicación de la geolocalización para reducir la alta Incidencia del delito de extorsión cometido por bandas criminales en Lima Metropolitana durante el periodo 2019 - 2023
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
La extorsión es un problema de seguridad en preocupante crecimiento en varias ciudades del
Perú, incluyendo Lima Metropolitana. En los últimos cinco años, la ocurrencia de este delito
en la capital peruana ha aumentado dando pasos agigantados, acompañada de la compleja
evolución de la criminalidad organizada con la presencia de bandas criminales. La
transformación desordenada de Lima en distintos niveles ha desbordado la baja capacidad
del Estado, que en muchos aspectos ha incurrido en abandono, para prevenir o responder
ante los problemas públicos de la ciudadanía, lo cual ha facilitado la presencia avasalladora
de fenómenos delictivos como la extorsión, que requiere de una fuerza policial a la altura.
De este modo, el presente estudio se enfoca en el problema de la alta incidencia del
delito de extorsión en Lima en los últimos años, el cual es cometido por bandas criminales de
compleja organización y actividad. Esta realidad se ha visto favorecida por factores como el
tráfico ilegal de armas, el acceso a información privada mediante la tecnología, la migración
descontrolada, la corrupción público-privada y la baja capacidad estatal, especialmente
policial. En tal sentido, tomando en cuenta las características delictivas a enfrentar, se
propone como solución innovadora al problema la herramienta tecnológica “Sistema de
Geolocalización para la Detección de Sujetos vinculados al delito de Extorsión (SIGDEX)”.
Esta solución innovadora busca optimizar técnicamente las acciones policiales a nivel
estratégico y operativo para enfrentar a la extorsión, pasando de la georreferenciación a la
geolocalización de dispositivos que median los actos extorsivos, aumentando la precisión en
la búsqueda, la identificación y el arresto de extorsionadores. Su valor reside en el uso de la
tecnología más adecuada para darle la ventaja a la institución policial sobre los sujetos
delictivos, dotando a las unidades policiales de los recursos necesarios para mejorar la
anticipación y respuesta ante estas organizaciones criminales. Para su implementación, se
ha garantizado su pertinencia bajo los criterios de deseabilidad factibilidad y viabilidad.
Extortion is a worryingly growing security problem in several Peruvian cities, including Metropolitan Lima. In the last five years, the occurrence of this crime in the Peruvian capital has increased by leaps and bounds, accompanied by the complex evolution of organized crime with the presence of criminal gangs. The disorderly transformation of Lima at different levels has overwhelmed the low capacity of the State, which in many aspects has been abandoned, to prevent or respond to the public problems of the citizens, which has facilitated the overwhelming presence of criminal phenomena such as extortion, which requires a police force that is up to the task. Thus, this study focuses on the problem of the high incidence of extortion in Lima in recent years, which is committed by criminal gangs of complex organization and activity. This reality has been favored by factors such as illegal arms trafficking, access to private information through technology, uncontrolled migration, public-private corruption and low state capacity, especially police. In this sense, considering the criminal characteristics to be faced, the technological tool “Geolocation System for the Detection of Subjects linked to the crime of Extortion (SIGDEX)” is proposed as an innovative solution to the problem. This innovative solution seeks to technically optimize police actions at a strategic and operational level to confront extortion, moving from georeferencing to geolocation of devices that mediate extortive acts, increasing precision in the search, identification and arrest of extortionists. Its value lies in the use of the most appropriate technology to give the police institution the advantage over criminal subjects, providing police units with the necessary resources to improve anticipation and response to these criminal organizations. For its implementation, its relevance has been guaranteed under the criteria of desirability, feasibility and viability.
Extortion is a worryingly growing security problem in several Peruvian cities, including Metropolitan Lima. In the last five years, the occurrence of this crime in the Peruvian capital has increased by leaps and bounds, accompanied by the complex evolution of organized crime with the presence of criminal gangs. The disorderly transformation of Lima at different levels has overwhelmed the low capacity of the State, which in many aspects has been abandoned, to prevent or respond to the public problems of the citizens, which has facilitated the overwhelming presence of criminal phenomena such as extortion, which requires a police force that is up to the task. Thus, this study focuses on the problem of the high incidence of extortion in Lima in recent years, which is committed by criminal gangs of complex organization and activity. This reality has been favored by factors such as illegal arms trafficking, access to private information through technology, uncontrolled migration, public-private corruption and low state capacity, especially police. In this sense, considering the criminal characteristics to be faced, the technological tool “Geolocation System for the Detection of Subjects linked to the crime of Extortion (SIGDEX)” is proposed as an innovative solution to the problem. This innovative solution seeks to technically optimize police actions at a strategic and operational level to confront extortion, moving from georeferencing to geolocation of devices that mediate extortive acts, increasing precision in the search, identification and arrest of extortionists. Its value lies in the use of the most appropriate technology to give the police institution the advantage over criminal subjects, providing police units with the necessary resources to improve anticipation and response to these criminal organizations. For its implementation, its relevance has been guaranteed under the criteria of desirability, feasibility and viability.
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Policía Nacional (Perú), Extorsión--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Crimen organizado--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Prevención del delito--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Receptores GPS
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