Cese de trabajadores trasladados geográficamente entre empresas del mismo grupo: una mirada desde la subordinación funcional y la tutela resarcitoria y restitutoria
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El estudio analiza cómo se configura jurídicamente el cese de trabajadores
trasladados geográficamente entre empresas pertenecientes a un mismo grupo
empresarial, teniendo como eje la subordinación funcional y los principios que
orientan la tutela restitutoria y resarcitoria en el Derecho laboral peruano. El
problema emerge cuando un trabajador es desplazado a otra empresa del grupo
sin cumplir con los requisitos formales del traslado ni con la preservación de sus
condiciones esenciales de trabajo, generándose escenarios de ceses
encubiertos o extinciones contractuales injustificadas.
El análisis se sustenta en diversos instrumentos normativos, entre ellos: la
Constitución Política -en especial, los principios de protección del trabajo y
primacía de la realidad-; la Ley de Productividad y Competitividad Laboral; la
regulación sobre desplazamientos y movilidad geográfica; y la jurisprudencia del
Tribunal Constitucional y de la Corte Suprema sobre grupos económicos,
subordinación y responsabilidad solidaria. Asimismo, se considera la doctrina
relativa a la subordinación funcional, que permite identificar al verdadero
empleador cuando la prestación laboral se integra en la organización y dirección
de otra empresa distinta a la formalmente contratante.
El trabajo concluye que el cese producido tras un traslado irregular constituye un
despido inconstitucional, pues vulnera la estabilidad laboral y encubre una
ruptura arbitraria del vínculo. Frente a ello, corresponde activar la tutela
restitutoria, mediante la reposición cuando se acredita fraude laboral o
desnaturalización del traslado, y la tutela resarcitoria, a través del pago de
indemnizaciones.
This study examines the legal configuration of employment termination involving workers who are geographically transferred between companies within the same corporate group, focusing on the concept of functional subordination and the principles underlying restitutive and compensatory protection in Peruvian labor law. The issue arises when a worker is reassigned to another company in the group without meeting the formal requirements for a valid transfer or safeguarding essential working conditions, leading to concealed dismissals or unjustified contractual terminations. The analysis draws upon various legal instruments, including the Political Constitution-particularly the principles of worker protection and primacy of realitythe Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law, regulations on geographical mobility and employee transfers, and relevant jurisprudence from the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court regarding economic groups, subordination, and joint liability. In addition, the study incorporates doctrinal developments on functional subordination, which help determine the true employer when the worker’s activities become integrated into the organization and managerial structure of a company other than the formal contracting entity. The study concludes that termination arising from an irregular transfer constitutes an unconstitutional dismissal, as it infringes upon job stability and masks an arbitrary severance of the employment relationship. Consequently, workers are entitled to restitutive protection -through reinstatement when fraudulent practices or misuse of transfer mechanisms are proven-and compensatory protection, including the payment of corresponding indemnities.
This study examines the legal configuration of employment termination involving workers who are geographically transferred between companies within the same corporate group, focusing on the concept of functional subordination and the principles underlying restitutive and compensatory protection in Peruvian labor law. The issue arises when a worker is reassigned to another company in the group without meeting the formal requirements for a valid transfer or safeguarding essential working conditions, leading to concealed dismissals or unjustified contractual terminations. The analysis draws upon various legal instruments, including the Political Constitution-particularly the principles of worker protection and primacy of realitythe Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law, regulations on geographical mobility and employee transfers, and relevant jurisprudence from the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court regarding economic groups, subordination, and joint liability. In addition, the study incorporates doctrinal developments on functional subordination, which help determine the true employer when the worker’s activities become integrated into the organization and managerial structure of a company other than the formal contracting entity. The study concludes that termination arising from an irregular transfer constitutes an unconstitutional dismissal, as it infringes upon job stability and masks an arbitrary severance of the employment relationship. Consequently, workers are entitled to restitutive protection -through reinstatement when fraudulent practices or misuse of transfer mechanisms are proven-and compensatory protection, including the payment of corresponding indemnities.
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Empleados--Despido--Legislación--Perú, Movilidad laboral--Perú, Empresas--Perú, Derecho laboral--Perú
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item.page.review
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