Clima de seguridad laboral, presión por la producción y conductas de seguridad en operarios de empresas metalmecánicas de Lima
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Date
2011-11-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis busca examinar la relación de las variables clima de seguridad laboral y
presión por la producción con la variable conductas de seguridad en trabajadores operarios
de empresas metalmecánicas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 71 trabajadores varones
procedentes de dos empresas metalmecánicas de Lima. El estudio fue realizado bajo un
enfoque mixto. En la fase cuantitativa, los instrumentos empleados para la medición de las
tres variables fueron una escala integrada por ítems de los cuestionarios de clima de
seguridad de Zohar (1980) y Zohar y Luria (2005), la escala de presión en el trabajo de
Dolcos y Daley (2009), y la escala de Neal, Griffin y Hart (2000) con los componentes de
conductas de seguridad, cumplimiento y participación en seguridad. Para la fase cualitativa,
se diseñó una guía de entrevista semi-estructurada orientada a indagar por los constructos
de clima de seguridad laboral y conductas de seguridad. Los resultados evidencian una
relación positiva entre el clima de seguridad laboral y las conductas de seguridad, así como
una asociación entre la primera variable y el componente participación en seguridad de ésta
última. Igualmente, la investigación establece una relación entre el clima de seguridad
laboral y las conductas de seguridad para los trabajadores pertenecientes a áreas con
riesgos elevados, con tipo de contrato Outsourcing y con nivel de instrucción superior. No
obstante, el estudio no encuentra apoyo empírico para la relación entre presión por la
producción y conductas de seguridad.
The current study seeks to examine the relationship between the variables safety climate and work pressure with safety behavior in workers of metal-processing plants. The sample consisted of 71 male workers from two metal-processing plants of Lima. The study was carried out under a mixed methodological approach. In the quantitative phase, the instruments used for measuring the three variables were a scale composed of items from safety climate questionnaires of Zohar (1980) and Zohar y Luria (2005), the scale of Dolcos y Daley (2009) of work pressure and the scale of Neal, Griffin y Hart (2000) with the two components of safety behavior: safety compliance and safety participation. For the qualitative phase, a guide semi-structured interview was designed in order to study the theoretical constructs of safety climate and safety behavior. The results show a positive relationship between safety climate and safety behavior, as well as, an association between the first variable and safety participation component of the latter. Similarly, the research establishes a relationship between safety climate and safety behavior in workers belonging to high risk areas, with temporary agency type of contract and with higher education level. However, the study does not find an empirical support for the relationship between work pressure and safety behavior.
The current study seeks to examine the relationship between the variables safety climate and work pressure with safety behavior in workers of metal-processing plants. The sample consisted of 71 male workers from two metal-processing plants of Lima. The study was carried out under a mixed methodological approach. In the quantitative phase, the instruments used for measuring the three variables were a scale composed of items from safety climate questionnaires of Zohar (1980) and Zohar y Luria (2005), the scale of Dolcos y Daley (2009) of work pressure and the scale of Neal, Griffin y Hart (2000) with the two components of safety behavior: safety compliance and safety participation. For the qualitative phase, a guide semi-structured interview was designed in order to study the theoretical constructs of safety climate and safety behavior. The results show a positive relationship between safety climate and safety behavior, as well as, an association between the first variable and safety participation component of the latter. Similarly, the research establishes a relationship between safety climate and safety behavior in workers belonging to high risk areas, with temporary agency type of contract and with higher education level. However, the study does not find an empirical support for the relationship between work pressure and safety behavior.
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Keywords
Seguridad industrial, Higiene industrial, Stress en el trabajo
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