El carácter definitivo de la transmisión de manifiesto de carga marítima para la SUNAT como una restricción al comercio contraria al Acuerdo de Cartagena
Date
2017-09-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis busca determinar si la consideración del manifiesto de carga como
definitivo 48 horas antes del arribo de la nave a territorio peruano por parte de
la SUNAT constituye una restricción al comercio dentro del alcance de los
artículos 72 y 73 del Acuerdo de Cartagena. La tesis analiza el objeto y efecto
restrictivo al comercio de esta medida como resultado de la aplicación de las
normas de aduanas por parte de la SUNAT.
De conformidad con lo dispuesto por el Informe Nro. 089-2011-SUNAT de la
SUNAT y la nueva Ley General de Aduanas, la administración aduanera del
Perú ha requerido que la transmisión electrónica del manifiesto de carga se
realice hasta cuarenta y ocho (48) horas antes de la llegada de la nave,
siempre y cuando provenga de un puerto lejano. Asimismo, una vez vencido
este plazo, dicha transmisión adquiere el carácter de definitiva. Por
consiguiente, cualquier información que se añada o cualquier rectificación que
se realice de la información transmitida daban lugar a que se configure una
infracción que resultaba ser sancionable con la imposición de una multa.
La presente tesis evalúa este criterio aplicado por la SUNAT. El Tribunal de
Justicia de la Comunidad Andina ha declarado que esta medida constituye un
incumplimiento objetivo de la Decisión 671 de la Comunidad Andina. Sin
embargo, la tesis busca hacer una contribución y analiza otras vías legales
que se pueden usar para cuestionar este tipo de medida restrictiva del
comercio. Una de esas vías es la necesidad de respetar el principio de libre
circulación de mercancías el cual se encuentra consagrado en los artículos 72
y 73 del Acuerdo de Cartagena.
El alcance del principio de libre circulación de mercancías ha sido
desarrollado por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina a lo largo de
su jurisprudencia. A su vez, este tribunal ha seguido la jurisprudencia del
Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, en particular, el célebre caso
5
Dassonville. En este contexto, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina
ha interpretado el concepto de “restricciones de todo orden” de manera amplia
para incluir a cualquier medida que pueda tener el objeto o el efecto de
restringir las importaciones al hacerlas más difíciles u onerosas en el comercio
intrarregional. Esta tesis analiza esta jurisprudencia andina, y de manera
ilustrativa, la jurisprudencia europea ha sido presentada.
La tesis concluye que la medida adoptada por SUNAT, puede potencialmente
restringir las importaciones de mercancías al hacerlas más difíciles y
onerosas. En tal sentido, esta medida se encuentra dentro del alcance de la
doctrina Dassonville desarrollada por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión
Europea y aplicada por la Secretaría General y el Tribunal de Justicia de la
Comunidad Andina.
This thesis seeks to determine whether considering the cargo manifest in a definite manner 48 hours prior to the arrival of the vessel to Peruvian territory by the SUNAT constitutes a restriction on trade within the scope of Articles 72 and 73 of the Cartagena Agreement. The thesis analyzes the trade restrictive object and effect of such a measure as a result of the application of the customs rules by the SUNAT. According to the Report No. 089-2011-SUNAT of the SUNAT and the new General Customs Law, the Customs Administration of Peru required that the electronic transmission of cargo manifest be undertaken 48 hours prior to the arrival of the vessel, provided that it came from a distant port. Likewise, once the deadline expires, such a transmission is to be considered in a definite manner. Therefore, any information to be added or any rectification of the information that has been transmitted could give rise to an infringement that is punishable with a fine. This thesis assesses this criterion applied by the SUNAT. The Andean Court of Justice has declared that this measure constituted an objective infringement of the Decision 671 of the Andean Community. However, the thesis seeks to make a contribution and analyzes other legal avenues that can be employed in order to question this type of trade restrictive measure. One of these avenues is the need to respect the principle of free movement of goods that has been provided for in Articles 72 and 73 of the Cartagena Agreement. The Court of Justice of the Andean Community has developed the scope of the principle of free movement of goods in its case law. In addition, this tribunal has followed the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, in particular, the landmark Dassonville case. In this context, the Court of Justice of the Andean Community has widely interpreted the concept of 7 “restrictions of all kinds” in order to include any measure that has the object and effect of restricting imports by making them more difficult or costly in intra community trade. This thesis analyzes this Andean case law and, in an illustrative manner, the European case law has been taken into account and presented. The thesis concludes that the measure adopted by the SUNAT can potentially restrict imports of goods by making them more difficult and costly. In this sense, this measure falls within the scope of the Dassonville doctrine that has been developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union and applied by the General Secretariat and the Court of Justice of the Andean Community.
This thesis seeks to determine whether considering the cargo manifest in a definite manner 48 hours prior to the arrival of the vessel to Peruvian territory by the SUNAT constitutes a restriction on trade within the scope of Articles 72 and 73 of the Cartagena Agreement. The thesis analyzes the trade restrictive object and effect of such a measure as a result of the application of the customs rules by the SUNAT. According to the Report No. 089-2011-SUNAT of the SUNAT and the new General Customs Law, the Customs Administration of Peru required that the electronic transmission of cargo manifest be undertaken 48 hours prior to the arrival of the vessel, provided that it came from a distant port. Likewise, once the deadline expires, such a transmission is to be considered in a definite manner. Therefore, any information to be added or any rectification of the information that has been transmitted could give rise to an infringement that is punishable with a fine. This thesis assesses this criterion applied by the SUNAT. The Andean Court of Justice has declared that this measure constituted an objective infringement of the Decision 671 of the Andean Community. However, the thesis seeks to make a contribution and analyzes other legal avenues that can be employed in order to question this type of trade restrictive measure. One of these avenues is the need to respect the principle of free movement of goods that has been provided for in Articles 72 and 73 of the Cartagena Agreement. The Court of Justice of the Andean Community has developed the scope of the principle of free movement of goods in its case law. In addition, this tribunal has followed the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, in particular, the landmark Dassonville case. In this context, the Court of Justice of the Andean Community has widely interpreted the concept of 7 “restrictions of all kinds” in order to include any measure that has the object and effect of restricting imports by making them more difficult or costly in intra community trade. This thesis analyzes this Andean case law and, in an illustrative manner, the European case law has been taken into account and presented. The thesis concludes that the measure adopted by the SUNAT can potentially restrict imports of goods by making them more difficult and costly. In this sense, this measure falls within the scope of the Dassonville doctrine that has been developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union and applied by the General Secretariat and the Court of Justice of the Andean Community.
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Acuerdo de Cartagena, Comercio internacional--Legislación--Perú, Aranceles de aduana--Perú
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