Experiencias de afrontamiento y apoyo social percibido en padres de niños con TEA
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias de afrontamiento y apoyo
social percibido durante la crianza en padres de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Se
utilizó el método de investigación cualitativa con un enfoque fenomenológico y un diseño de
análisis temático, el cual permitió reconocer patrones dentro de las experiencias de estos
padres. En esta línea, se entrevistó a 3 padres y 4 madres de niños con TEA, y el recojo de
información se realizó a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados muestran que
los padres enfrentan los retos asociados al diagnóstico de manera distinta, y que la forma de
afrontarlos varía de acuerdo con distintos factores como su conocimiento previo acerca del
autismo y el apoyo social percibido. Además, a pesar de que enfrentan diversos retos tanto a
nivel emocional como social, destacan distintos beneficios personales y un gran sentido de
gratificación tras pequeños logros en la crianza. Por último, se destaca que el apoyo social de
familiares, amigos, y de la sociedad en general es valioso, y que este puede verse
obstaculizado a causa de la desinformación y los prejuicios asociados. De igual manera, se
destaca que existen barreras en el sistema educativo y a nivel institucional, lo cual evidencia
la necesidad de políticas en el Perú que garanticen el acceso a servicios eficaces para niños
con autismo.
The present study aimed to understand the coping experiences and perceived social support during parenting among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach and a thematic analysis design was used, which allowed for the identification of patterns within these parents' experiences. Along these lines, three fathers and four mothers of children with ASD were interviewed, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The results show that parents face the challenges associated with this diagnosis differently, and that their approach varies according to various factors such as their prior knowledge about autism and perceived social support. Furthermore, despite facing various challenges both emotionally and socially, they highlight distinct personal benefits and a great sense of gratification after small parenting achievements. Finally, it is emphasized that social support from family, friends, and society in general is valuable, but that this can be hindered by misinformation and associated prejudices. Likewise, it is highlighted that there are barriers within the educational system and at the institutional level, which highlights the need for policies in Peru that guarantee access to effective services for children with autism.
The present study aimed to understand the coping experiences and perceived social support during parenting among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach and a thematic analysis design was used, which allowed for the identification of patterns within these parents' experiences. Along these lines, three fathers and four mothers of children with ASD were interviewed, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The results show that parents face the challenges associated with this diagnosis differently, and that their approach varies according to various factors such as their prior knowledge about autism and perceived social support. Furthermore, despite facing various challenges both emotionally and socially, they highlight distinct personal benefits and a great sense of gratification after small parenting achievements. Finally, it is emphasized that social support from family, friends, and society in general is valuable, but that this can be hindered by misinformation and associated prejudices. Likewise, it is highlighted that there are barriers within the educational system and at the institutional level, which highlights the need for policies in Peru that guarantee access to effective services for children with autism.
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Trastornos del espectro autista en niños, Padres e hijos, Crianza de niños
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