Relación entre motivación deportiva y conductas de salud en deportistas universitarios
Date
2019-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los deportistas universitarios son una población de riesgo en algunas conductas no saludables
como el consumo de alcohol y desórdenes alimentarios, lo cual puede ser influenciado por las
características en torno al deporte y a presiones académicas. Existe evidencia que indica una
posible relación entre la motivación deportiva con las conductas de salud. El propósito de este
estudio es analizar la relación entre motivación deportiva y conductas de salud en un grupo de
deportistas universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. Para ello, se aplicaron la Escala de
Motivación Deportiva (EMD), el Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida en Jóvenes Universitarios
(CEVJU) y una ficha sociodemográfica en una muestra de 183 participantes (59.6% varones,
40.4% mujeres), entre 18 y 38 años (M = 21.02; DE = 2.92), provenientes de 15 disciplinas
deportivas distintas. Los hallazgos mostraron que la MI por el resultado y la MI por la
estimulación se correlacionaron positivamente con conductas saludables de actividad física y
deporte y bajo consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas, respectivamente. Mientras que la
motivación extrínseca por regulación por identificación se correlacionó positivamente con
actividad física y deporte y, negativamente, con hábitos alimentarios. Finalmente, la
desmotivación tuvo una correlación negativa, con un bajo consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras
drogas. Se concluye que los deportistas con una motivación deportiva más cercana a la
autodeterminación, probablemente, se involucrarán en conductas más saludables. Se
recomienda mayor investigación.
College athletes are a population at risk of involvement in many unhealthy behaviors, such as alcohol consumption and eating disorders, which can be influenced by characteristics around sports and academic pressure. There is evidence that indicates a possible relation between sport motivation and health behaviors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sport motivation and health conducts/behaviors in a group of college athletes from Metropolitan Lima. To this end, the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), the College Students’ Lifestyles Questionnaire (CSLQ) and a sociodemographic record were applied to a sample of 183 college athletes (59.6% men, 40.4% women), between 18 and 38 years old (M = 21.02; DS = 2.92) from 15 different sports. Results showed that intrinsic motivation toward accomplishments and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation are positively correlated with physical activity and sport, and with less consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, respectively. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivation by identified regulation showed a positively correlation with physical activity and sports, and negatively with eating habits. Finally, amotivation showed a negative correlation with less consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. In conclusion, athletes with a type of motivation closer to self-determination will probably get involved in healthier behaviors than their counterparts. However, further research is needed.
College athletes are a population at risk of involvement in many unhealthy behaviors, such as alcohol consumption and eating disorders, which can be influenced by characteristics around sports and academic pressure. There is evidence that indicates a possible relation between sport motivation and health behaviors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sport motivation and health conducts/behaviors in a group of college athletes from Metropolitan Lima. To this end, the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), the College Students’ Lifestyles Questionnaire (CSLQ) and a sociodemographic record were applied to a sample of 183 college athletes (59.6% men, 40.4% women), between 18 and 38 years old (M = 21.02; DS = 2.92) from 15 different sports. Results showed that intrinsic motivation toward accomplishments and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation are positively correlated with physical activity and sport, and with less consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, respectively. Meanwhile, extrinsic motivation by identified regulation showed a positively correlation with physical activity and sports, and negatively with eating habits. Finally, amotivation showed a negative correlation with less consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. In conclusion, athletes with a type of motivation closer to self-determination will probably get involved in healthier behaviors than their counterparts. However, further research is needed.
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Deportes--Aspectos psicológicos, Atletas universitarios, Actitudes sanitarias
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