"Modelamiento espacial aplicado al desarrollo del ecoturismo y la conservación de la avifauna en la vertiente occidental del Perú"
Date
2018-02-07
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis tiene por objetivo visualizar y dar cuenta de la distribución
potencial actual y futura de veinte especies de aves de la vertiente del Pacífico del Perú.
Asimismo, pretende visualizar los potenciales efectos del cambio climático al año 2050
sobre los centros de diversidad para tal comunidad de aves en estudio a modo de
contribución para la elaboración de planes de conservación de la biodiversidad en el
marco de iniciativas de desarrollo del ecoturismo en la vertiente del Pacífico del Perú.
En tal sentido, haciendo uso del método de modelamiento espacial de especies
(MDE) a través del software Maxent, y en base a registros de aves y variables
bioclimáticas del área de estudio es posible localizar la distribución potencial actual de la
avifauna objetivo, y los centros de diversidad de la avifauna objetivo. Se aplicó tal método
para estimar los efectos del cambio climático sobre la distribución potencial actual para
visualizar las proyecciones al año 2050 a través de los modelos climáticos: CCSM4,
INMCM4, y MIROC5.
Los resultados mostraron, en primer lugar, centros de diversidad a través de la
superposición de los resultados del modelamiento espacial, tanto para la distribución
presente y la distribución potencial futura para cada especie. En segundo lugar, se
observó el grado de influencia del cambio climático sobre la distribución potencial futura
de la avifauna. En tercer lugar, se determinaron las áreas con potencial para el
avistamiento de aves, y más específicamente, si los centros de diversidad estarían
afectados a futuro por el efecto del cambio climático. Por último, se culmina esta
investigación con propuestas y recomendaciones que contribuyen a la conservación de la
diversidad de aves de acuerdo a su distribución espacial en la vertiente occidental del
Perú relacionado directamente al desarrollo del aviturismo o birdwatching como
herramienta bisagra entre el desarrollo económico de poblaciones locales y la
conservación y protección de especies, tomando como referencia las políticas
recomendadas por el quinto reporte del IPCC del 2014, las que finalmente guían hacia el
desarrollo sostenible.
The present thesis aims to visualize and determine the potential present and future potential distributions of twenty bird species of the Pacific slope of Peru; moreover, aims to visualize the potential effects of climate change by the year 2050 on the diversity centers of this bird community on study. In this way, this research contributes to biodiversity conservation plans in the context of sustainable development initiatives and ecotourism development in the Pacific slope of Peru. Thanks and through Maxent software, based on bird registers and bioclimatic variables of the study area, it was possible to estimate the present and future potential distributions and some resulting diversity centers of the birds on study. This method applied also estimates the effects of climate change. Thus, the projections were visualized up to the year 2050 according to the climatic models: CCSM4, INMCM4 and MIROC5. The results showed, first, diversity centers through the overlapping of each result of the spatial modelling, resulting on present and potential future geographic distributions for each species. Second, it was possible to observe the degree of influence of climate change on the potential future distribution of the fauna on study. Third, priority areas were identified, and more specifically, whether diversity centers were affected by the climate change. At the end, this research was complemented with proposals and recommendations that contribute to the conservation of species diversity according to its spatial distribution, the diversity centers and the ecosystems contained on study area, all of them related directly to the development of ecotourism regarding birdwatching on the Pacific slope of Peru. In this way, this research final products can be an example of the recent multiple tool hinges that could contribute to economic development of local populations, species conservation plans which, at the end, are policies recommendations by the fifth report of the IPCC of 2014 that ensure a sustainable development.
The present thesis aims to visualize and determine the potential present and future potential distributions of twenty bird species of the Pacific slope of Peru; moreover, aims to visualize the potential effects of climate change by the year 2050 on the diversity centers of this bird community on study. In this way, this research contributes to biodiversity conservation plans in the context of sustainable development initiatives and ecotourism development in the Pacific slope of Peru. Thanks and through Maxent software, based on bird registers and bioclimatic variables of the study area, it was possible to estimate the present and future potential distributions and some resulting diversity centers of the birds on study. This method applied also estimates the effects of climate change. Thus, the projections were visualized up to the year 2050 according to the climatic models: CCSM4, INMCM4 and MIROC5. The results showed, first, diversity centers through the overlapping of each result of the spatial modelling, resulting on present and potential future geographic distributions for each species. Second, it was possible to observe the degree of influence of climate change on the potential future distribution of the fauna on study. Third, priority areas were identified, and more specifically, whether diversity centers were affected by the climate change. At the end, this research was complemented with proposals and recommendations that contribute to the conservation of species diversity according to its spatial distribution, the diversity centers and the ecosystems contained on study area, all of them related directly to the development of ecotourism regarding birdwatching on the Pacific slope of Peru. In this way, this research final products can be an example of the recent multiple tool hinges that could contribute to economic development of local populations, species conservation plans which, at the end, are policies recommendations by the fifth report of the IPCC of 2014 that ensure a sustainable development.
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Keywords
Aves--Distribución geográfica, Aves--Conservación, Conservación de la biodiversidad--Perú
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Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Perú