La representación de las personas con discapacidad en los diarios populares digitales de Perú: el caso de Ojo y Trome (junio de 2019 a junio de 2020)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo analiza la representación de las personas con discapacidad en medios
populares digitales peruanos, a partir de una muestra de 88 noticias publicadas en los diarios
Ojo y Trome entre junio (2019) a junio (2020). El estudio busca comprender cómo estos
medios construyen la imagen de este grupo social, considerando que investigaciones previas
sobre prensa en general señalan que los discursos mediáticos tienden a reproducir
estereotipos o enfoques limitados. El objetivo es caracterizar dicha representación mediante
el análisis del léxico, los temas abordados, el uso del factor humano y el enfoque de las
noticias. La investigación se sustenta en el modelo social de la discapacidad y en teorías de
agenda mediática y encuadre noticioso, empleando un análisis de contenido de tipo
cuantitativo. Los resultados muestran que el léxico es mayoritariamente adecuado, con un
92.11% de los casos utilizando un lenguaje respetuoso. La cobertura temática se concentra en
las secciones de “Deportes” y “Actualidad”, vinculadas principalmente con eventos
coyunturales como los Juegos Parapanamericanos. Predominan los relatos de superación
personal y el uso intensivo del factor humano, lo que favorece la cercanía con el público,
aunque puede limitar la complejidad del tratamiento informativo. Se concluye que, si bien los
medios populares muestran avances en el uso de un lenguaje adecuado, persisten
representaciones parciales y dependientes de hechos específicos, que refuerzan una mirada de
excepcionalidad sobre la discapacidad.
This paper analyzes the representation of people with disabilities in popular Peruvian digital media, based on a sample of 88 news items published in the newspapers Ojo and Trome between June (2019) and June (2020). The study seeks to understand how these media construct the image of this social group, considering that previous research on press in general points out that media discourses tend to reproduce stereotypes or limited approaches. The objective is to characterize this representation through the analysis of the lexicon, the topics addressed, the use of the human factor and the focus of the news. The research is based on the social model of disability and on theories of media agenda and news framing, using a quantitative content analysis. The results show that the lexicon is mostly adequate, with 92.11% of the cases using respectful language. The thematic coverage is concentrated in the sections “Sports” and “News”, mainly linked to current events such as the Parapan American Games. Stories of personal improvement and the intensive use of the human factor predominate, which favors closeness with the public, although it may limit the complexity of the informative treatment. It is concluded that, although the popular media show progress in the use of an adequate language, partial representations persist and depend on specific facts, which reinforce a view of exceptionality about disability.
This paper analyzes the representation of people with disabilities in popular Peruvian digital media, based on a sample of 88 news items published in the newspapers Ojo and Trome between June (2019) and June (2020). The study seeks to understand how these media construct the image of this social group, considering that previous research on press in general points out that media discourses tend to reproduce stereotypes or limited approaches. The objective is to characterize this representation through the analysis of the lexicon, the topics addressed, the use of the human factor and the focus of the news. The research is based on the social model of disability and on theories of media agenda and news framing, using a quantitative content analysis. The results show that the lexicon is mostly adequate, with 92.11% of the cases using respectful language. The thematic coverage is concentrated in the sections “Sports” and “News”, mainly linked to current events such as the Parapan American Games. Stories of personal improvement and the intensive use of the human factor predominate, which favors closeness with the public, although it may limit the complexity of the informative treatment. It is concluded that, although the popular media show progress in the use of an adequate language, partial representations persist and depend on specific facts, which reinforce a view of exceptionality about disability.
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Personas con discapacidad--Representación social--Perú--Siglo XXI, Análisis del discurso--Periódicos peruanos--Siglo XXI, Medios de comunicación masiva--Aspectos sociales--Perú--Siglo XXI
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