Optimización del RNP y otras medidas de simplificación con enfoque en el proveedor para enfrentar la alta prevalencia de procedimientos de selección declarados desiertos en el caso peruano (2016-2021)
Date
2024-05-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en abordar las ineficiencias
presentes en el ámbito de la contratación pública, un tema crítico debido al mandato constitucional que obliga a las entidades del Estado a contratar con terceros
para proveerse de bienes, servicios y obras necesarios para el cumplimiento de
sus funciones y fines.
En ese contexto, se ha identificado como problema público la alta prevalencia de procedimientos de selección para la contratación de bienes y servicios
declarados desiertos en el caso peruano entre los años 2016 y 2021, a razón
que se ha constatado un incremento progresivo en el porcentaje de desiertos,
pasando de un 17% a un 26% durante el periodo analizado. Además, al comparar estos resultados con países como Chile, Uruguay, República Dominicana y
España, se evidencia que la magnitud del problema es significativamente mayor
en nuestro país.
Para afrontar este problema, a pesar de la multiplicidad de causas que lo
pueden generar y la imposibilidad de atribuir exclusivamente este hecho a una
sola causa, se ha determinado que las “dificultades que enfrentan los proveedores que intervienen en los procesos de contratación pública de bienes y servicios”
son una de las causas cruciales que impactarían directamente en el problema.
Consecuentemente, se ha propuesto una solución que busca mitigar estas dificultades que experimentan los proveedores, la cual consta de tres componentes: i) optimización del RNP y otras mejoras en las herramientas informáticas, ii) elaboración de un nuevo modelo de “bases amigables” y iii) creación del
Programa Nacional “MYPE Oferta Ganadora”.
Además, el análisis de deseabilidad, factibilidad y viabilidad de la solución
demostró que la propuesta reúne todas las condiciones para ser implementada
con éxito.
The present research work focuses on addressing inefficiencies in the field of public procurement, a critical issue due to the constitutional mandate that obliges state entities to contract with third parties to obtain goods, services, and works necessary for the fulfillment of their functions and purposes. In this context, the high prevalence of tendering procedures declared unsuccessful in the Peruvian case between 2016 and 2021 has been identified as a public issue. There has been a progressive increase in the percentage of unsuccessful procedures, rising from 17% to 26% during the analyzed period. Furthermore, when comparing these results with countries like Chile, Uruguay, the Dominican Republic, and Spain, it becomes evident that the magnitude of the problem is significantly greater in our country. To address this issue, despite the multiple potential causes and the inability to attribute this solely to one factor, it has been determined that “the difficulties faced by suppliers involved in public procurement processes for goods and services” are one of the crucial causes directly impacting the problem. Consequently, a solution has been proposed to alleviate these difficulties experienced by suppliers. It consists of three components: i) optimization of the RNP and other improvements in IT tools, ii) development of a new model of “userfriendly bidding documents”, and iii) creation of the National Program “MYPE Winning Offer”. Furthermore, the analysis of desirability, feasibility, and viability of the solution demonstrated that the proposal meets all the conditions for successful implementation.
The present research work focuses on addressing inefficiencies in the field of public procurement, a critical issue due to the constitutional mandate that obliges state entities to contract with third parties to obtain goods, services, and works necessary for the fulfillment of their functions and purposes. In this context, the high prevalence of tendering procedures declared unsuccessful in the Peruvian case between 2016 and 2021 has been identified as a public issue. There has been a progressive increase in the percentage of unsuccessful procedures, rising from 17% to 26% during the analyzed period. Furthermore, when comparing these results with countries like Chile, Uruguay, the Dominican Republic, and Spain, it becomes evident that the magnitude of the problem is significantly greater in our country. To address this issue, despite the multiple potential causes and the inability to attribute this solely to one factor, it has been determined that “the difficulties faced by suppliers involved in public procurement processes for goods and services” are one of the crucial causes directly impacting the problem. Consequently, a solution has been proposed to alleviate these difficulties experienced by suppliers. It consists of three components: i) optimization of the RNP and other improvements in IT tools, ii) development of a new model of “userfriendly bidding documents”, and iii) creation of the National Program “MYPE Winning Offer”. Furthermore, the analysis of desirability, feasibility, and viability of the solution demonstrated that the proposal meets all the conditions for successful implementation.
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Keywords
Contratos públicos--Perú, Licitaciones y contratos--Perú, Administración pública--Tecnología de la información--Perú
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