Los patrones comerciales oscuros: ¿una amenaza para la autonomía del consumidor?
Date
2025-03-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar los patrones comerciales
oscuros, también conocidos como “dark patterns”, y evaluar si estos representan
una amenaza para la autonomía del consumidor, especialmente en sus
decisiones de consumo. Esto se debe a que, como se analizará a lo largo del
presente trabajo, estas estrategias de diseño digital, presentes en diversas
plataformas digitales, plantean un interesante debate doctrinario en torno a su
uso y sus efectos.
Así, para abordar esta problemática, exploraremos el concepto y los tipos de
patrones comerciales oscuros más comunes en las plataformas digitales (como
páginas web, aplicativos, etc), a fin de comprender su funcionamiento y cómo
estos pueden ser identificados por los usuarios. Asimismo, abordaremos su
regulación a nivel internacional, a efectos de conocer las posiciones adoptadas
por diferentes países respecto a la utilización de los mismos. También
delimitaremos brevemente el concepto de autonomía y destacaremos su
relevancia en las decisiones de consumo.
Además, analizaremos el pronunciamiento del Instituto Nacional de Defensa de
la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (Indecopi) en el
caso ”Rappi”, el cual marcó un primer avance para la discusión sobre los “dark
patterns” en el territorio peruano. Finalmente, tomando como referencia este
caso, evaluaremos si todos los tipos de patrones comerciales oscuros
constituyen, en todos los supuestos, un método comercial coercitivo o algún otro
tipo de infracción a las disposiciones establecidas en la Ley N° 29571, Código
de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor.
The purpose of this article is to analyze dark commercial patterns, also known as “dark patterns,” and assess whether they represent a threat to consumer autonomy, especially in their consumption decisions. This is because, as will be analyzed throughout this work, these digital design strategies, present in various digital platforms, raise an interesting doctrinal debate around their use and effects. To address this issue, we will explore the concept and types of dark commercial patterns most common on digital platforms (such as websites, applications, etc.), to understand how they work and how they can be identified by users. We will also address their regulation at an international level, in order to understand the positions adopted by different countries regarding their use. We will also briefly define the concept of autonomy and highlight its relevance in consumer decisions. In addition, we will analyze the ruling of the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property (Indecopi) in the "Rappi" case, which marked a first step forward in the discussion on "dark patterns" in Peruvian territory. Finally, using this case as a reference, we will evaluate whether all types of dark commercial patterns constitute, in all cases, a coercive commercial method or some other type of violation of the provisions established in Law No. 29571, the Consumer Protection and Defense Code.
The purpose of this article is to analyze dark commercial patterns, also known as “dark patterns,” and assess whether they represent a threat to consumer autonomy, especially in their consumption decisions. This is because, as will be analyzed throughout this work, these digital design strategies, present in various digital platforms, raise an interesting doctrinal debate around their use and effects. To address this issue, we will explore the concept and types of dark commercial patterns most common on digital platforms (such as websites, applications, etc.), to understand how they work and how they can be identified by users. We will also address their regulation at an international level, in order to understand the positions adopted by different countries regarding their use. We will also briefly define the concept of autonomy and highlight its relevance in consumer decisions. In addition, we will analyze the ruling of the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property (Indecopi) in the "Rappi" case, which marked a first step forward in the discussion on "dark patterns" in Peruvian territory. Finally, using this case as a reference, we will evaluate whether all types of dark commercial patterns constitute, in all cases, a coercive commercial method or some other type of violation of the provisions established in Law No. 29571, the Consumer Protection and Defense Code.
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Keywords
Protección del consumidor--Legislación--Perú, Protección del consumidor--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Consumidores--Protección--Derecho, Usuarios--Protección--Derecho