Motivaciones ocupacionales en alumnos de primer ciclo de un instituto superior tecnológico de Lima.
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2014-03-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo es de tipo descriptivo y tuvo como propósito estudiar las
motivaciones ocupacionales en alumnos de primer ciclo de un instituto superior
tecnológico privado de Lima, a partir de la aplicación de una escala diseñada para medir
dicho constructo. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 292 alumnos del
primer ciclo de tres carreras: Administración de Negocios, Administración de Negocios
Internacionales y Marketing, a quienes se aplicó la Escala de Motivaciones
Ocupacionales (ESMO), que consta de 42 ítems agrupados en cinco factores. En el
análisis estadístico realizado, la escala ESMO resultó ser válida y confiable para la
muestra estudiada. Los hallazgos indican que las principales motivaciones
ocupacionales de la mayoría de los participantes con respecto a la elección de la carrera
son “Realización y autonomía”, “Desarrollo y gratificación” y “Éxito y
reconocimiento”. Mientras que, “Orientación prosocial” y “Relación con la familia”
resultaron ser las de menor relevancia. Además, el “análisis de conglomerados”
determinó la formación de cuatro grupos característicos, de modo que los estudiantes
pertenecientes a cada grupo serían tan similares entre sí como sea posible y a la vez los
distintos grupos formados resulten entre ellos tan disímiles como sea posible.
Asimismo, se efectuó un análisis longitudinal sobre las condiciones de permanencia o
deserción de los participantes que abarcó cuatro ciclos de estudio. Finalmente, no se
encontraron diferencias significativas relacionadas al sexo, edad y carrera elegida por
los participantes, por lo que se concluye que no es necesario establecer baremos para
dichas variables.
The current paper is a descriptive work that examines the occupational motivations of students in their first semester at a private technical institute in Lima, using a scale designed to measure said construct. The sample for this study consists of 292 students who were in their first semester studying three majors: Business Administration, International Business Administration, and Marketing. They were given the Occupational Motivation Scale (ESMO). This scale, which consisted of 42 items categorized into 5 factors after performing a factor analysis, was found to be valid and reliable for the studied sample for measuring the occupational motivations of students. The findings indicate that the principal occupational motivations of the majority of the participants with regard to their choice of major are "Fulfillment and Autonomy," "Development and Reward," and "Success and Recognition"; while "Pro-social Orientation" and "Family Relationships" were the least relevant. In addition to the above, the "Conglomerate analysis" determined the formation of four characteristic groups. The students who belonged to the same group were as similar as possible to one another; while students from different groups were as different from one another as possible. A longitudinal analysis was carried out on the conditions regarding completion or desertion by the participants who achieved four semesters of study. Finally, no significant differences related to sex, age or chosen profession was found among the participants. Therefore, we conclude that it is not necessary to establish scales for said Variables.
The current paper is a descriptive work that examines the occupational motivations of students in their first semester at a private technical institute in Lima, using a scale designed to measure said construct. The sample for this study consists of 292 students who were in their first semester studying three majors: Business Administration, International Business Administration, and Marketing. They were given the Occupational Motivation Scale (ESMO). This scale, which consisted of 42 items categorized into 5 factors after performing a factor analysis, was found to be valid and reliable for the studied sample for measuring the occupational motivations of students. The findings indicate that the principal occupational motivations of the majority of the participants with regard to their choice of major are "Fulfillment and Autonomy," "Development and Reward," and "Success and Recognition"; while "Pro-social Orientation" and "Family Relationships" were the least relevant. In addition to the above, the "Conglomerate analysis" determined the formation of four characteristic groups. The students who belonged to the same group were as similar as possible to one another; while students from different groups were as different from one another as possible. A longitudinal analysis was carried out on the conditions regarding completion or desertion by the participants who achieved four semesters of study. Finally, no significant differences related to sex, age or chosen profession was found among the participants. Therefore, we conclude that it is not necessary to establish scales for said Variables.
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Motivación., Educación tecnológica--Perú--Investigaciones.
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