Mecanismos de incidencia para promover el desarrollo infantil temprano desde el gobierno local. Estudio de Casos del Programa Primeros Pasos 2- Lima 95 de la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima
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Date
2025-02-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Aproximadamente el 10 % de la población en el Perú es integrada por bebés,
niñas y niños menores de cinco años (INEI, 2021). Para 2021, un tercio de esta
población padece de anemia. Aproximadamente 7 de cada 10 niños aún no puede
“regular sus emociones”, entre los 24 y 71 meses de edad; 6 de cada 10, no tiene
un “apego seguro”, entre los 9 y 12 meses; 3 de cada 10, aún no tiene una “marcha
estable”, entre los 12 y 18 meses; y 6 de cada 10 infantes aún no logra la “función
simbólica” entre los 2 y 3 años (INEI, 2022).
Durante la última década, el Perú ha concentrado sus esfuerzos en estrategias
enfocadas en la salud y nutrición de la infancia. Sin embargo, se requiere un
trabajo intersectorial e intergubernamental que aborde la atención del desarrollo
infantil temprano desde una mirada integral con un rol más claro en los gobiernos
locales.
Uno de los aspectos menos atendidos es la carencia de espacios públicos
seguros, saludables e inclusivos con la primera infancia desde el inicio de su vida.
Se hace imprescindible que los gobiernos locales tomen protagonismo en
estrategias integrales a escala local. Su rol privilegiado les permite tener contacto
directo con la población y desarrollar intervenciones en las ciudades desde una
mirada de proximidad.
A través de la presente investigación, bajo el enfoque de la Gerencia Social, se
buscó ahondar en los mecanismos de incidencia que han permitido al Programa
Primeros Pasos 2- Lima 95 crear escenarios de legitimidad y corresponsabilidad
con el fin de asegurar la institucionalización y sostenibilidad de estrategias que
promueven el Desarrollo Infantil Temprano desde una mirada integral, incluyendo
transformaciones en la ciudad.
Los hallazgos de este estudio ofrecerán pistas claves para que los gobiernos
locales puedan hacer más inclusivos sus servicios, ampliando, priorizando y
contextualizando su oferta a las necesidades de la primera infancia. También
brindará recomendaciones para asegurar el sentido de liderazgo y responsabilidad
compartida entre los actores involucrados, desde funcionarios y personal de
gobiernos locales; hasta los sujetos de derecho y sus comunidades.
Near 10 % of the Peruvian population are babies, girls, and boys under five years of age (INEI, 2021). By 2021, a third of this group had anemia. About 7 of 10 children still cannot regulate their emotions between 24 and 71 months of age; 6 out of 10 do not have a secure attachment between 9 and 12 months; 3 out of 10 still do not have a steady gait, between 12 and 18 months; and 6 out of 10 infants still do not achieve the symbolic function between the ages of 2 and 3 (INEI, 2022). During the last decade, Peru has focused its main strategies attending childhood health and nutrition. Nevertheless, an intersectoral and intergovernmental approach is required to address early childhood in a comprehensive manner and with a clear role from local governments. One of the least attended aspects is the lack of safe, healthy, and inclusive public spaces for early childhood from the beginning of their lives. Local governments must take a leading role in comprehensive strategies at the local level. Its privileged position allows them to have direct contact with the population and develop interventions in cities from a proximity perspective. This investigation, from the perspective of Social Management, pursues to delve into the mechanisms of incidence that have allowed the First Steps 2-Lima 95 Program to create scenarios of legitimacy and co-responsibility. The objective is to ensure the institutionalization and continuity of strategies that promote Early Childhood Development from a comprehensive perspective, including transformations in the city. The findings of this study will offer essential keys so local governments can expand, prioritize and contextualize their offer to the needs of early childhood and become more inclusive. It will also provide recommendations to ensure a sense of leadership and co-responsibility among the actors involved, from local government officials and staff; to the actors at the communities.
Near 10 % of the Peruvian population are babies, girls, and boys under five years of age (INEI, 2021). By 2021, a third of this group had anemia. About 7 of 10 children still cannot regulate their emotions between 24 and 71 months of age; 6 out of 10 do not have a secure attachment between 9 and 12 months; 3 out of 10 still do not have a steady gait, between 12 and 18 months; and 6 out of 10 infants still do not achieve the symbolic function between the ages of 2 and 3 (INEI, 2022). During the last decade, Peru has focused its main strategies attending childhood health and nutrition. Nevertheless, an intersectoral and intergovernmental approach is required to address early childhood in a comprehensive manner and with a clear role from local governments. One of the least attended aspects is the lack of safe, healthy, and inclusive public spaces for early childhood from the beginning of their lives. Local governments must take a leading role in comprehensive strategies at the local level. Its privileged position allows them to have direct contact with the population and develop interventions in cities from a proximity perspective. This investigation, from the perspective of Social Management, pursues to delve into the mechanisms of incidence that have allowed the First Steps 2-Lima 95 Program to create scenarios of legitimacy and co-responsibility. The objective is to ensure the institutionalization and continuity of strategies that promote Early Childhood Development from a comprehensive perspective, including transformations in the city. The findings of this study will offer essential keys so local governments can expand, prioritize and contextualize their offer to the needs of early childhood and become more inclusive. It will also provide recommendations to ensure a sense of leadership and co-responsibility among the actors involved, from local government officials and staff; to the actors at the communities.
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Keywords
Municipalidad de Lima (Perú), Desarrollo infantil--Perú--Lima, Espacios públicos--Perú--Lima, Investigaciones evaluativas (Programas de acción social)--Perú--Lima
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