Reestructuración de la deuda de corto plazo de Hidrandina S.A.
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación aborda la reestructuración de la deuda financiera de corto
plazo (CP) de la Empresa Regional de Servicio Público de Electricidad Electronortemedio
S.A. – Hidrandina. El estudio surge de la necesidad de evaluar el desempeño económicofinanciero de la compañía ante una alta dependencia de obligaciones a CP para financiar
inversiones cuyos retornos se proyectan a largo plazo (superiores a 10 años). El propósito
central del trabajo es analizar la situación financiera de Hidrandina y proponer lineamientos
de mejora orientados a fortalecer su sostenibilidad y capacidad de inversión. Este estudio se
guio secuencialmente por tres objetivos decisionales primordiales: Diagnosticar y Determinar
la Situación Financiera Operativa, Definir y Modelar el Escenario Propuesto, y Establecer
Decisiones y Recomendaciones Estratégicas.
Para cumplir con los objetivos, se empleó un enfoque metodológico descriptivo y
analítico, sustentado en la revisión de estados financieros auditados para el periodo 2021–
2024, normativa sectorial y un modelo de análisis de escenarios proyectados hasta 2030. Esta
fase cuantitativa fue complementada con una fase cualitativa basada en cuatro entrevistas
estructuradas a funcionarios clave de Hidrandina S.A. (Jefes y Gerentes especializados en el
área del problema), cuyo propósito fue contextualizar la problemática interna de liquidez y
validar las propuestas de optimización operativa.
El análisis diagnóstico bajo el Escenario Esperado (sin intervención) reveló una
estructura de capital insostenible: la Deuda de Corto Plazo (CP) representa históricamente
cerca del 70% de la obligación financiera total, frente a un 30% de Deuda a Largo Plazo
(LP). Esta composición resultó en una insuficiencia crítica de liquidez, proyectándose que el
Capital de Trabajo Neto se mantenga negativo, alcanzando -375,638 miles de soles para
2025. El KPI más crítico, el Índice de Cobertura del Servicio de la Deuda (DSR), se proyectó
cayendo hasta 0.51 en 2030, lo que implica una inviabilidad absoluta para acceder a
financiamiento (estándar mínimo de 1.20). La estrategia de reestructuración propuesta se
centró en el reperfilamiento de pasivos, revirtiendo el cronograma de vencimientos. El
objetivo es transformar la estructura de deuda, llevando la Deuda a Largo Plazo a representar
entre el 60% y el 70% del total de la obligación financiera. Este cambio genera un ahorro
financiero anual materializado en la recuperación de la solvencia. Bajo el Escenario
Propuesto, el DSR se estabiliza consistentemente en 1.20 entre 2026 y 2030, cumpliendo
rigurosamente el umbral de bancabilidad. Adicionalmente, el Ciclo de Conversión de
Efectivo (CCE), un KPI de eficiencia, mejora drásticamente, pasando a solo 1.29 días para
2030, lo que implica un autofinanciamiento casi total del ciclo operativo. El análisis de
sensibilidad valida la propuesta, confirmando que la solvencia se mantiene siempre y cuando
la composición de Deuda LP no sea inferior al 52.2% del total, y el Margen EBITDA se
mantenga sobre el 21.1%.
La investigación concluye que la reestructuración estratégica del perfil de deuda es la
decisión crítica y fundamental para la sostenibilidad de Hidrandina S.A. Al alinear el
horizonte de maduración de los pasivos con los retornos a largo plazo de las inversiones en
infraestructura eléctrica, la propuesta no solo elimina el riesgo de iliquidez en el corto plazo,
sino que garantiza la continuidad de sus planes de inversión en el marco del Plan Nacional de
Electrificación Rural. Se demostró que la reestructuración de la deuda financiera constituye
un proceso transversal que impacta favorablemente la eficiencia operativa, la sostenibilidad
institucional y la capacidad de la empresa para cumplir su rol estratégico en el servicio
público de energía eléctrica en el país.
This research addresses the financial restructuring of the short-term (ST) financial debt of the regional public electricity service company Electronortemedio S.A. – Hidrandina. The study arises from the need to evaluate the company's economic and financial performance given its high dependence on ST obligations to finance investments with projected returns over the long term (greater than 10 years). The central purpose of this work is to analyze Hidrandina's financial situation and propose improvement guidelines aimed at strengthening its sustainability and investment capacity. This study is guided sequentially by three primary decision-making objectives: Diagnosing and Determining the Operational Financial Situation, Defining and Modeling the Proposed Scenario, and Establishing Strategic Decisions and Recommendations. To achieve the objectives, a descriptive and analytical methodological approach was employed, based on a review of audited financial statements for the period 2021–2024, sector regulations, and a scenario analysis model projecting to 2030. This quantitative phase was complemented by a qualitative phase based on four structured interviews with key officials of Hidrandina S.A. (Heads and Managers specializing in the area of the problem), whose purpose was to contextualize the internal liquidity problem and validate the proposed operational optimizations. The diagnostic analysis under the Expected Scenario (without intervention) revealed an unsustainable capital structure: Short-Term Debt (STD) has historically represented approximately 70% of the total financial obligation, compared to 30% Long-Term Debt (LTD). This composition resulted in a critical liquidity shortfall, with Net Working Capital projected to remain negative, reaching -375,638 million soles by 2025. The most critical KPI, the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSR), was projected to fall to 0.51 by 2030, implying an absolute inability to access financing (minimum standard of 1.20). The proposed restructuring strategy focused on debt reprofiling, reversing the maturity schedule. The objective is to transform the debt structure, reducing Long-Term Debt to between 60% and 70% of total financial obligations. This change generates annual financial savings, resulting in a recovery of solvency. Under the proposed scenario, the debt service ratio (DSR) consistently stabilizes at 1.20 between 2026 and 2030, rigorously meeting the bankability threshold. Furthermore, the cash conversion cycle (CCC), an efficiency KPI, improves significantly, falling to just 1.29 days by 2030, implying almost complete self-financing of the operating cycle. Sensitivity analysis validates the proposal, confirming that solvency is maintained as long as the long-term debt composition remains at least 52.2% of total debt, and the EBITDA margin remains above 21.1%. The research concludes that the strategic restructuring of the debt profile is the critical and fundamental decision for the sustainability of Hidrandina S.A. By aligning the maturity horizon of liabilities with the long-term returns on investments in electrical infrastructure, the proposal not only eliminates the risk of short-term illiquidity but also guarantees the continuity of its investment plans within the framework of the National Rural Electrification Plan. It demonstrates that financial debt restructuring is a cross-cutting process that favorably impacts operational efficiency, institutional sustainability, and the company's ability to fulfill its strategic role in the public electricity service in the country.
This research addresses the financial restructuring of the short-term (ST) financial debt of the regional public electricity service company Electronortemedio S.A. – Hidrandina. The study arises from the need to evaluate the company's economic and financial performance given its high dependence on ST obligations to finance investments with projected returns over the long term (greater than 10 years). The central purpose of this work is to analyze Hidrandina's financial situation and propose improvement guidelines aimed at strengthening its sustainability and investment capacity. This study is guided sequentially by three primary decision-making objectives: Diagnosing and Determining the Operational Financial Situation, Defining and Modeling the Proposed Scenario, and Establishing Strategic Decisions and Recommendations. To achieve the objectives, a descriptive and analytical methodological approach was employed, based on a review of audited financial statements for the period 2021–2024, sector regulations, and a scenario analysis model projecting to 2030. This quantitative phase was complemented by a qualitative phase based on four structured interviews with key officials of Hidrandina S.A. (Heads and Managers specializing in the area of the problem), whose purpose was to contextualize the internal liquidity problem and validate the proposed operational optimizations. The diagnostic analysis under the Expected Scenario (without intervention) revealed an unsustainable capital structure: Short-Term Debt (STD) has historically represented approximately 70% of the total financial obligation, compared to 30% Long-Term Debt (LTD). This composition resulted in a critical liquidity shortfall, with Net Working Capital projected to remain negative, reaching -375,638 million soles by 2025. The most critical KPI, the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSR), was projected to fall to 0.51 by 2030, implying an absolute inability to access financing (minimum standard of 1.20). The proposed restructuring strategy focused on debt reprofiling, reversing the maturity schedule. The objective is to transform the debt structure, reducing Long-Term Debt to between 60% and 70% of total financial obligations. This change generates annual financial savings, resulting in a recovery of solvency. Under the proposed scenario, the debt service ratio (DSR) consistently stabilizes at 1.20 between 2026 and 2030, rigorously meeting the bankability threshold. Furthermore, the cash conversion cycle (CCC), an efficiency KPI, improves significantly, falling to just 1.29 days by 2030, implying almost complete self-financing of the operating cycle. Sensitivity analysis validates the proposal, confirming that solvency is maintained as long as the long-term debt composition remains at least 52.2% of total debt, and the EBITDA margin remains above 21.1%. The research concludes that the strategic restructuring of the debt profile is the critical and fundamental decision for the sustainability of Hidrandina S.A. By aligning the maturity horizon of liabilities with the long-term returns on investments in electrical infrastructure, the proposal not only eliminates the risk of short-term illiquidity but also guarantees the continuity of its investment plans within the framework of the National Rural Electrification Plan. It demonstrates that financial debt restructuring is a cross-cutting process that favorably impacts operational efficiency, institutional sustainability, and the company's ability to fulfill its strategic role in the public electricity service in the country.
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Empresas--Finanzas, Administración financiera, Estados financieros--Análisis, Riesgo financiero, Inversiones--Toma de decisiones
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item.page.review
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