Análisis de la gestión social de Sedapal en la participación comunitaria y desarrollo del proyecto de agua y saneamiento urbano - caso esquema Nueva Rinconada etapa 1, en el distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, periodo del 2016 al 2017
Date
2020-11-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Según la OMS en el mundo existen aproximadamente 663 millones personas sin
acceso a agua potable mejorada. La OMS estima que 2400 millones de personas en
todo el mundo no tienen acceso a instalaciones de saneamiento mejoradas. En el Perú
y en la ciudad de Lima está situación no es diferente, según el Ministerio de Vivienda
Construcción y Saneamiento son 985,253 personas sin acceso al agua potable.
SEDAPAL desarrolla la política de saneamiento en Lima y Callao y cuenta con una
importante cartera de estudios y obras bajo el Sistema Nacional de Programación
Multianual y Gestión de Inversiones. SEDAPAL cuenta con la Gerencia de Proyectos
y Obras, dentro de la cual se ubica el Equipo de Gestión Social de Proyectos,
encargado de las actividades de intervención social en los proyectos.
La presente investigación analiza como la Gestión Social de SEDAPAL contribuye en
la participación comunitaria y en el éxito del desarrollo del proyecto de agua y
saneamiento urbano del Esquema Nueva Rinconada Etapa 1. Los resultados y
conclusiones permiten evidenciar la importancia de la contribución de lo social en los
proyectos de saneamiento. A partir de la relación bisagra que tiene la Gestión Social,
por un lado, con los profesionales técnicos del proyecto y por otro lado establece y
mantiene una estrecha relación con la población beneficiaria permitiendo desarrollar
adecuadamente un proyecto de agua y saneamiento.
Los enfoques y el talento humano son los factores que más influyen en el desarrollo de
la participación comunitaria. Los Enfoques forman parte de la Política Nacional de
Saneamiento, por lo cual la Gestión Social de SEDAPAL cumple un rol de
implementador de esta política, promoviendo la participación comunitaria. El enfoque
del agua como derecho influye directamente en la participación comunitaria ya que la
población asume este derecho y se moviliza para hacerlo efectivo. En la presente
investigación se evidencia que el agua es un derecho que está condicionado a cumplir
ciertos requisitos. Existe una ambigüedad entre el derecho y el servicio. Ambos
conceptos coexisten ya que es necesaria la corresponsabilidad del estado y de la
población en el desarrollo de los proyectos de agua y saneamiento. Por lo tanto, es
imprescindible contar con mecanismos de participación como el Comité de Vigilancia
Social para asegurar el adecuado desarrollo de los estudios y obras.
La presente investigación es de tipo cualitativo y analiza la política nacional de
saneamiento y su implementación a través de la gestión social de SEDAPAL, la cual promueve la participación comunitaria en los proyectos de agua y saneamiento. La
forma de investigación seleccionada fue el estudio de caso porque es representativo,
ya que la Gestión Social de SEDAPAL se desarrolla en todos los proyectos.
En cuanto al aporte o relevancia de la presente investigación a la Gerencia Social se
puede manifestar que la Gestión Social de SEDAPAL promueve la participación
comunitaria como una estrategia de intervención contribuyendo en el desarrollo del
proyecto de agua y saneamiento; lo cual permite que el proyecto responda a las
necesidades de la población, logrando generar bienestar y mejorando la calidad de
vida de las personas. Por otro lado, se evidencia el desafío que tiene SEDAPAL de ver
al “cliente” como un “ciudadano o ciudadana con derechos”.
According to WHO in the world there are approximately 663 million people without access to improved drinking water. WHO estimates that 2.4 billion people worldwide do not have access to improved sanitation facilities. In Peru and in the city of Lima, this situation is no different, according to the Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation, there are 985,253 people without access to drinking water. SEDAPAL develops the sanitation policy in Lima and Callao and has an important portfolio of studies and works under the National System of Multiannual Programming and Investment Management. SEDAPAL has the Project and Works Management, within which the Project Social Management Team is located, this team is responsible for the social intervention activities in the projects. This research analyzes how the Social Management of SEDAPAL contributes to community participation and the success of the development of the urban water and sanitation project of the New Rinconada Scheme Stage 1. The results and conclusions show the importance of the social contribution in Sanitation projects. From the hinge relationship that Social Management has, on the one hand, with the technical professionals of the project and on the other hand it establishes and maintains a close relationship with the beneficiary population, allowing the development of a water and sanitation project. Approaches and human talent are the factors that most influence the development of community participation. The Approaches are part of the National Sanitation Policy, which is why the Social Management of SEDAPAL fulfills a role of implementing this policy, promoting community participation. The approach of water as a right directly influences community participation since the population assumes this right and mobilizes to make it effective. This research shows that water is a right that is conditioned to meet certain requirements. There is an ambiguity between law and service. Both concepts coexist since the co-responsibility of the state and the population is necessary in the development of water and sanitation projects. Therefore, it is essential to have participation mechanisms such as the Social Surveillance Committee to ensure the proper development of studies and works. This research is qualitative and analyzes the national sanitation policy and its implementation through the social management of SEDAPAL, which promotes community participation in water and sanitation projects. The form of investigation selected was the case study because it is representative, since the Social Management of SEDAPAL is developed in all the projects. Regarding the contribution or relevance of this research to the Social Management, it can be stated that the Social Management of SEDAPAL promotes community participation as an intervention strategy contributing to the development of the water and sanitation project; this allows the project to respond to the needs of the population, generating well-being and improving people's quality of life. On the other hand, SEDAPAL's challenge of seeing the “client” as a “citizen with rights” is evident.
According to WHO in the world there are approximately 663 million people without access to improved drinking water. WHO estimates that 2.4 billion people worldwide do not have access to improved sanitation facilities. In Peru and in the city of Lima, this situation is no different, according to the Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation, there are 985,253 people without access to drinking water. SEDAPAL develops the sanitation policy in Lima and Callao and has an important portfolio of studies and works under the National System of Multiannual Programming and Investment Management. SEDAPAL has the Project and Works Management, within which the Project Social Management Team is located, this team is responsible for the social intervention activities in the projects. This research analyzes how the Social Management of SEDAPAL contributes to community participation and the success of the development of the urban water and sanitation project of the New Rinconada Scheme Stage 1. The results and conclusions show the importance of the social contribution in Sanitation projects. From the hinge relationship that Social Management has, on the one hand, with the technical professionals of the project and on the other hand it establishes and maintains a close relationship with the beneficiary population, allowing the development of a water and sanitation project. Approaches and human talent are the factors that most influence the development of community participation. The Approaches are part of the National Sanitation Policy, which is why the Social Management of SEDAPAL fulfills a role of implementing this policy, promoting community participation. The approach of water as a right directly influences community participation since the population assumes this right and mobilizes to make it effective. This research shows that water is a right that is conditioned to meet certain requirements. There is an ambiguity between law and service. Both concepts coexist since the co-responsibility of the state and the population is necessary in the development of water and sanitation projects. Therefore, it is essential to have participation mechanisms such as the Social Surveillance Committee to ensure the proper development of studies and works. This research is qualitative and analyzes the national sanitation policy and its implementation through the social management of SEDAPAL, which promotes community participation in water and sanitation projects. The form of investigation selected was the case study because it is representative, since the Social Management of SEDAPAL is developed in all the projects. Regarding the contribution or relevance of this research to the Social Management, it can be stated that the Social Management of SEDAPAL promotes community participation as an intervention strategy contributing to the development of the water and sanitation project; this allows the project to respond to the needs of the population, generating well-being and improving people's quality of life. On the other hand, SEDAPAL's challenge of seeing the “client” as a “citizen with rights” is evident.
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Keywords
Abastecimiento de agua--Perú--Villa María del Triunfo (Lima : Distrito), Desarrollo urbano--Aspectos sociales, Participación ciudadana--Perú
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