Estimación de funciones de vulnerabilidad sísmica para estimación de fatalidades debido a sismo en edificaciones de adobe en Cusco
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Las edificaciones de adobe representan un porcentaje importante del portafolio de
edificaciones en zonas urbanas y rurales del país. Esta tipología estructural es bastante
susceptible a la acción sísmica lo cual ha sido evidenciado en terremotos pasados. Este trabajo
tiene por objetivo desarrollar funciones de fragilidad y vulnerabilidad sísmica en términos de
fatalidad para edificaciones de adobe ubicadas en Cusco, Perú. Se definieron cuatro arquetipos
con el objetivo de reducir el costo computacional de los análisis, denominados Rec-1, L-1, Rec-
2 y L-2. Se construyeron modelos numéricos con estrategia FEM-DEM en el software LS-Dyna
para el cálculo de la respuesta estructural. La amenaza sísmica fue definida por un grupo de
registros sísmicos provenientes de eventos de subducción que tuvieron lugar en territorio
peruano y en otras partes del mundo. Se derivaron curvas de fragilidad sísmica mediante el
método Cloud Analysis tomando como EDPs el ratio de grietas en los muros y el ratio de
pérdida de volumen. Se obtuvieron funciones de fatalidad sísmica relacionando la reducción
de volumen interno y el ratio de fatalidades. De acuerdo a estudios paleosísmicos de fallas
geológicas, la ciudad de Cusco podría haber experimentado un sismo con magnitud 7.01 Mw.
Se estima que un evento similar sacudiría el suelo de Cusco con aceleraciones mayores a 0.45g.
Ante tal PGA se estima que estructuras de adobe similares a los arquetipos Rec-1, L-1, Rec-2 y
L-2 tienen una probabilidad de colapso de 2.05%, 3.52%, 20.97% y 19.40%, y ratios de
fatalidad de 0.9%, 0.7%, 11.5% y 7.8% respectivamente.
Adobe buildings constitute a significant portion of the building stock in both urban and rural areas of the country. This structural typology is highly susceptible to seismic action, as evidenced by past earthquakes. The objective of this study is to develop seismic fragility and vulnerability functions in terms of fatality for adobe buildings located in Cusco, Peru. Four archetypes were defined—Rec-1, L-1, Rec-2, and L-2—with the aim of reducing the computational cost of the analyses. Numerical models were constructed using a combined FEM-DEM strategy in the LS-Dyna software to compute the structural response. The seismic hazard was characterized by a set of ground motion records from subduction events that occurred both in Peru and worldwide. Seismic fragility curves were derived using the Cloud Analysis method, considering as engineering demand parameters (EDPs) the crack ratio in the walls and the volume loss ratio. Seismic fatality functions were obtained by relating the reduction of internal volume to the fatality ratio. According to paleoseismic studies of geological faults, the city of Cusco may have experienced an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.01 Mw. It is estimated that a similar event would shake the ground in Cusco with peak ground accelerations exceeding 0.45g. For such a PGA, it is estimated that adobe structures similar to the Rec-1, L-1, Rec-2, and L-2 archetypes have collapse probabilities of 2.05%, 3.52%, 20.97%, and 19.40%, and fatality ratios of 0.9%, 0.7%, 11.5%, and 7.8%, respectively.
Adobe buildings constitute a significant portion of the building stock in both urban and rural areas of the country. This structural typology is highly susceptible to seismic action, as evidenced by past earthquakes. The objective of this study is to develop seismic fragility and vulnerability functions in terms of fatality for adobe buildings located in Cusco, Peru. Four archetypes were defined—Rec-1, L-1, Rec-2, and L-2—with the aim of reducing the computational cost of the analyses. Numerical models were constructed using a combined FEM-DEM strategy in the LS-Dyna software to compute the structural response. The seismic hazard was characterized by a set of ground motion records from subduction events that occurred both in Peru and worldwide. Seismic fragility curves were derived using the Cloud Analysis method, considering as engineering demand parameters (EDPs) the crack ratio in the walls and the volume loss ratio. Seismic fatality functions were obtained by relating the reduction of internal volume to the fatality ratio. According to paleoseismic studies of geological faults, the city of Cusco may have experienced an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.01 Mw. It is estimated that a similar event would shake the ground in Cusco with peak ground accelerations exceeding 0.45g. For such a PGA, it is estimated that adobe structures similar to the Rec-1, L-1, Rec-2, and L-2 archetypes have collapse probabilities of 2.05%, 3.52%, 20.97%, and 19.40%, and fatality ratios of 0.9%, 0.7%, 11.5%, and 7.8%, respectively.
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Edificios--Efectos sísmicos--Perú--Cuzco, Construcciones de adobe--Perú--Cuzco, Análisis de la peligrosidad sísmica