La representación social de la trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual en resoluciones judiciales en el Perú: un Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) desde el modelo tridimensional de Fairclough
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
En esta tesis, se realiza un análisis de los discursos de las sentencias y los recursos de nulidad
de trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual. Para ello, se utiliza el análisis crítico del
discurso (ACD), que entiende el lenguaje como parte de las prácticas sociales atravesadas por
relaciones de poder. Se ha utilizado específicamente el modelo tridimensional propuesto por
Fairclough (1992). El análisis se ha desarrollado desde los tres niveles: como texto, como
práctica discursiva y como práctica social. El corpus está compuesto por 3 sentencias y 5
recursos de nulidad de trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual. A partir del análisis
realizado en las sentencias y los recursos de nulidad, a nivel textual, se sostiene que las
elecciones lingüísticas y las construcciones sintácticas que realizan comúnmente los jueces en
estos discursos construyen el delito de trata como trabajo en donde las víctimas son tratadas
como responsables, los tratantes como gestores administrativos y los consumidores como
sujetos con capital económico. A nivel de práctica discursiva, el análisis revela cómo el aparato
judicial condiciona y reproduce, o tensiona, las prácticas discursivas hegemónicas en tanto
legitima prácticas y modos en el proceso de producción, distribución y consumo de las
sentencias y los recursos. Asimismo, a nivel de la práctica social, se sostiene que las
representaciones identificadas en el nivel textual constituyen una estrategia de revictimización
producto de la ideología patriarcal, la cual se produce, distribuye y consume a través de modos
ritualizados y naturalizados de usar el lenguaje en el ámbito judicial. Finalmente, en esta
investigación, es relevante señalar que, junto a cláusulas revictimizantes, se encuentran otras
en las que sí se construye al tratante como responsable del delito. Esta coexistencia de
representaciones da cuenta de las transformaciones sociales con relación a las jerarquías de
género.
In this thesis, an analysis of the discourses of sentences and appeals for annulment of human trafficking for sexual exploitation purposes is carried out. For this purpose, critical discourse analysis (CDA) is used, which understands language as part of social practices traversed by power relations. Specifically, the three-dimensional model proposed by Fairclough (1992) was used. The analysis has been developed from three levels: as a text, as a discursive practice and as a social practice. The corpus is composed of 3 sentences and 5 appeals for annulment of human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Based on the analysis of the sentences and appeals for annulment, at the textual level, it is argued that the linguistic choices and syntactic constructions commonly made by judges in these discourses construct the crime of trafficking as work in which the victims are treated as responsible, the traffickers as administrative managers and the consumers as subjects with economic capital. At the level of discursive practice, the analysis reveals how the judicial apparatus conditions and reproduces, or stresses, hegemonic discursive practices as it legitimizes practices and modes in the process of production, distribution and consumption of judgments and appeals. Likewise, at the level of social practice, it is argued that the representations identified at the textual level constitute a strategy of revictimization as a product of patriarchal ideology, which is produced, distributed and consumed through ritualized and naturalized ways of using language in the judicial sphere. Finally, in this research, it is relevant to point out that, together with revictimizing clauses, there are others in which the trafficker is constructed as responsible for the crime. This coexistence of representations reflects the social transformations in relation to gender hierarchies.
In this thesis, an analysis of the discourses of sentences and appeals for annulment of human trafficking for sexual exploitation purposes is carried out. For this purpose, critical discourse analysis (CDA) is used, which understands language as part of social practices traversed by power relations. Specifically, the three-dimensional model proposed by Fairclough (1992) was used. The analysis has been developed from three levels: as a text, as a discursive practice and as a social practice. The corpus is composed of 3 sentences and 5 appeals for annulment of human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Based on the analysis of the sentences and appeals for annulment, at the textual level, it is argued that the linguistic choices and syntactic constructions commonly made by judges in these discourses construct the crime of trafficking as work in which the victims are treated as responsible, the traffickers as administrative managers and the consumers as subjects with economic capital. At the level of discursive practice, the analysis reveals how the judicial apparatus conditions and reproduces, or stresses, hegemonic discursive practices as it legitimizes practices and modes in the process of production, distribution and consumption of judgments and appeals. Likewise, at the level of social practice, it is argued that the representations identified at the textual level constitute a strategy of revictimization as a product of patriarchal ideology, which is produced, distributed and consumed through ritualized and naturalized ways of using language in the judicial sphere. Finally, in this research, it is relevant to point out that, together with revictimizing clauses, there are others in which the trafficker is constructed as responsible for the crime. This coexistence of representations reflects the social transformations in relation to gender hierarchies.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Análisis del discurso, Representaciones sociales, Tráfico de personas--Perú, Sentencias--Perú