Promotores educadores: una estrategia preventiva para enfrentar las situaciones de violencia familiar y sexual en niños, niñas y adolescentes en Villa El Salvador y San Martín de Porres - Lima, Perú (Período 2012-2014)
Date
2020-02-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Actualmente, uno de los problemas sociales que más afecta al desarrollo de
nuestro país es la violencia familiar y sexual que afectan a muchos niños, niñas y
adolescentes. Para atender dicha problemática, en el año 2004 propuse la
ejecución de una estrategia de capacitación y desarrollo de habilidades para los
docentes en temas de violencia familiar y sexual, de modo que actúen de manera
adecuada frente a estas situaciones que afectan a sus alumnos y alumnas. Desde
el Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables, a través del Programa
Nacional contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual, ejecuta hasta la fecha, el programa
de intervención de Promotores Educadores contra la Violencia Familiar y Sexual,
el cual se basa en mi propuesta inicial.
En la presente investigación, analizo si el programa de Promotores
Educadores es una estrategia efectiva para enfrentar situaciones de violencia
familiar y sexual que sufren muchos niños, niñas y adolescentes de nuestro país.
Desde el enfoque de la gerencia social, desarrollé un estudio cualitativo para
evaluar esta estrategia en dos grupos de promotores educadores en el periodo de
2012 al 2014 de los distritos de Villa El Salvador y San Martín de Porres. Los datos
se recogieron a través de focus group y entrevistas estructuradas a los docentes,
alumnos/as, promotores de los Centros Emergencia Mujer y autoridades de las
instituciones educativas de las zonas de estudio.
Los resultados en ambos distritos muestran el rol de los docentes, quienes
realizaron la detección de casos, la derivación ante las autoridades competentes
y, además, desarrollaron acciones preventivas en sus colegios. De otro lado, los
alumnos líderes valoraron la labor de las promotoras educadoras en ambas
instituciones educativas. Finalmente, las autoridades, tanto las directamente
involucradas como las que hacen el seguimiento del proceso, resaltaron la
importancia e impacto de este programa en sus colegios. Esta estrategia, que
surgió como un programa formativo, contribuye efectivamente a atender esta
problemática. Se revalora el rol docente más allá de la transmisión de
conocimientos, pues se consideran como modelos y soportes para los niños, niñas
y adolescentes que son afectados por estas situaciones.
Currently, one of the social problems that most affects the development of our country is the family and sexual violence that affect many children and adolescents. In response to this problem, in 2004 was proposed the implementation of a strategy for training and skills development for teachers on issues of family and sexual violence, so that they act appropriately in the face of these situations that affect their students. From to Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations, through the National Program against Family and Sexual Violence, to date, the Program of Educators Promoters against Family Violence is executed, which is based on the initial proposal. In the present research, I analyze if the program of Educators is an effective strategy to face situations of family and sexual violence suffered by many children and adolescents of our country From the social management approach, I developed a qualitative study to evaluate this strategy in two groups of educational promoters in the period from 2012 to 2014 of the districts of Villa El Salvador and San Martín de Porres. Data were collected through a focus group and structured interviews with teachers, students, promoters of the Emergency Women's Centers and authorities of educational institutions in the study areas. The results in both districts show the role of teachers, who carried out the detection of cases, referral to the competent authorities and, in addition, developed preventive actions in their schools. On the other hand, the leading students valued the work of the educational promoters in both educational institutions. Finally, the authorities, both directly involved and those who follow the process, highlighted the importance and impact of this program in their schools. This strategy, which emerged as a training program, effectively contributes to attend this problem. The role of teachers is revalued beyond the transmission of knowledge, as they are considered as models and supports for children and adolescents who are affected by these situations.
Currently, one of the social problems that most affects the development of our country is the family and sexual violence that affect many children and adolescents. In response to this problem, in 2004 was proposed the implementation of a strategy for training and skills development for teachers on issues of family and sexual violence, so that they act appropriately in the face of these situations that affect their students. From to Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations, through the National Program against Family and Sexual Violence, to date, the Program of Educators Promoters against Family Violence is executed, which is based on the initial proposal. In the present research, I analyze if the program of Educators is an effective strategy to face situations of family and sexual violence suffered by many children and adolescents of our country From the social management approach, I developed a qualitative study to evaluate this strategy in two groups of educational promoters in the period from 2012 to 2014 of the districts of Villa El Salvador and San Martín de Porres. Data were collected through a focus group and structured interviews with teachers, students, promoters of the Emergency Women's Centers and authorities of educational institutions in the study areas. The results in both districts show the role of teachers, who carried out the detection of cases, referral to the competent authorities and, in addition, developed preventive actions in their schools. On the other hand, the leading students valued the work of the educational promoters in both educational institutions. Finally, the authorities, both directly involved and those who follow the process, highlighted the importance and impact of this program in their schools. This strategy, which emerged as a training program, effectively contributes to attend this problem. The role of teachers is revalued beyond the transmission of knowledge, as they are considered as models and supports for children and adolescents who are affected by these situations.
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Personal docente--Capacitación, Violencia familiar--Prevención, Mujeres maltratadas--Perú, Abuso del niño--Prevención
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