Experiencia subjetiva del cuerpo en mujeres adolescentes embarazadas de nivel socioeconómico bajo de Lima
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2016-08-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación cualitativa explora la experiencia subjetiva del cuerpo en mujeres adolescentes embarazadas de NSE bajo de Lima. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de casos múltiple sobre la base de entrevistas semiestructuradas a ocho adolescentes entre 15 y 18 años que atravesaban su primer embarazo y se encontraban entre los cinco y ocho meses de gestación. El análisis temático realizado evidencia, a partir de cuatro ejes identificados, que la experiencia subjetiva del cuerpo de las participantes se da generalmente en relación con los otros: Cuerpo de otros, en relación con sus padres; Cuerpo mirado, en relación con la sociedad y el sexo opuesto; Relación personal con su cuerpo; y Cuerpo ocupado, en relación con el bebé que contienen. De manera transversal a estos ejes, se identifica un proceso en que la percepción de los movimientos fetales resulta fundamental para que se dé un cambio significativo en la experiencia subjetiva del cuerpo de las participantes. A partir de este acontecimiento, el deseo inicial de tener un cuerpo desocupado y las miradas negativas hacia su propio cuerpo pasan a un segundo plano y se despierta el amor por el cuerpo ocupado, y, con ello, cierta aceptación y adaptación a este. Los resultados se discuten desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas con el fin de lograr una comprensión integral de esta experiencia en que tres condiciones particulares del cuerpo se entrecruzan e influencian: ser mujer, estar en la adolescencia y contener a un bebé dentro del propio cuerpo. Asimismo, proveen información valiosa para una intervención clínica oportuna que favorezca un desarrollo psicológico adolescente y una relación madre-bebé más saludables.
This qualitative study explores the subjective experience of the body in pregnant adolescents of low SES in Lima. To this end, a multiple case study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight adolescent girls aged between 15-18 years old, who were among five and eight months of their first pregnancy. Through thematic analysis, four axes were identified revealing that the participants experience their bodies in relation to others: Body of others, regarding their parents; Stared body, regarding society and men; Personal relationship with their body; and, Occupied body, regarding their fetus. Transversely to the aforementioned axes, the study found a process in which perception of fetal movement is essential for a significant change in the participants’ subjective experience of their bodies: from the initial desire of having an empty body and negative views towards it to the rise of love for their occupied body. Therefore, the participants experience some acceptance and adaptation to it. Findings are discussed from different theoretical perspectives in order to achieve an integral understanding of this experience, in which three particular conditions of the body intersect and influence each other: being a woman, going through adolescence and having a baby inside the body. Moreover, the study provides valuable information for a timely clinical intervention that could potentially favor healthier adolescent psychological development and mother-child relationship.
This qualitative study explores the subjective experience of the body in pregnant adolescents of low SES in Lima. To this end, a multiple case study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight adolescent girls aged between 15-18 years old, who were among five and eight months of their first pregnancy. Through thematic analysis, four axes were identified revealing that the participants experience their bodies in relation to others: Body of others, regarding their parents; Stared body, regarding society and men; Personal relationship with their body; and, Occupied body, regarding their fetus. Transversely to the aforementioned axes, the study found a process in which perception of fetal movement is essential for a significant change in the participants’ subjective experience of their bodies: from the initial desire of having an empty body and negative views towards it to the rise of love for their occupied body. Therefore, the participants experience some acceptance and adaptation to it. Findings are discussed from different theoretical perspectives in order to achieve an integral understanding of this experience, in which three particular conditions of the body intersect and influence each other: being a woman, going through adolescence and having a baby inside the body. Moreover, the study provides valuable information for a timely clinical intervention that could potentially favor healthier adolescent psychological development and mother-child relationship.
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Embarazo en adolescentes--Aspectos psicológicos., Adolescencia.
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