Tratamiento de efluentes de lavandería doméstica mediante Opuntia ficus-indica
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Date
2025-01-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Se estudió el efecto coagulante de la penca de tuna Opuntia ficus-indica en la forma de
licuado, así como el efecto sinergizante del alumbre, como método de tratamiento de
efluentes de lavandería doméstica.
Se instaló un sistema de tratamiento de fácil manejo domiciliario, el cual consistía en un
tanque de almacenamiento de 250 L donde se realizó y evaluó la coagulación por parte del
licuado de la tuna con un tiempo de reposo de 48 h, seguido finalmente por una etapa de
filtración con algodón, piedra y arena.
Se evaluó inicialmente el efecto purificador (coagulación – filtración) por parte de la tuna,
Opuntia ficus-indica con el primer enjuague de lavado de 62.5 L, empleando cantidades de
100 g, 200 g, 400 g y 800 g de la penca licuada, frente al grupo control. Se obtuvo el mejor
resultado del efecto purificador del efluente con el uso de 200 g de penca de tuna licuada
en 62.5 L de efluente de lavandería doméstica.
Se desarrolló un sistema de uso domiciliario con biocoagulante eficaz para el tratamiento
de efluentes de lavandería doméstica, sustituyendo a los coagulantes químicos
convencionales utilizados en el tratamiento de aguas residuales, proporcionando
alternativas tecnológicas amigables con el medio ambiente que generan menos
contaminantes y mejor reutilización del agua.
En cuanto al tratamiento del enjuague total final o ciclo completo de lavado de 250 L, se
evaluó el efecto purificador (coagulación – filtración) por parte de la tuna, Opuntia ficusindica, empleando cantidades de 100 g, 200 g, 400 g y 800 g, frente al grupo control.
Se obtuvo el mejor resultado de efecto purificador del efluente con el uso de 200 g de
penca de tuna licuada en 250 L de efluente de lavandería doméstica.
Se evaluó el efecto purificador sinergizante (coagulación – filtración) de alumbre,
adicionando al tratamiento con tuna, Opuntia ficus-indica, con el primer enjuague de lavado
de 62.5 L, empleando cantidades de 100 g, 200 g, 400 g y 800 g del concentrado de la
penca licuada, así como 5625 mg de alumbre frente al grupo control.
Se obtuvo el mejor resultado del efecto purificador del efluente con el uso de 200 g de
penca de tuna licuada con alumbre en 62.5 L de efluente de lavandería doméstica.
Se evaluó el efecto purificador sinergizante (coagulación – filtración) del alumbre, en el
enjuague total al final o ciclo completo de lavado de 250 L, se evaluó el efecto purificador
(coagulación – filtración) por parte de la tuna, Opuntia ficus-indica, empleando cantidades
de 100 g, 200 g, 400 g y 800 g, así como 22500 mg de alumbre frente al grupo control.
Se obtuvo el mejor resultado de efecto purificador del efluente con el uso de 200 g de
penca de tuna licuada con alumbre en 250 L de efluente de lavandería doméstica.
Se evaluó el grado de purificación del efluente tratado con los análisis de parámetros como
la DQO (demanda química de oxígeno), pH, sólidos totales y sulfatos.
Los resultados fueron comparados frente a un tratamiento convencional de la sustancia
coagulante como lo es el cloruro férrico.
The coagulant effect of the prickly pear stalk Opuntia ficus-indica in liquefied form was studied, as well as the synergizing effect of alum, as a method of treatment of domestic laundry effluents. An easy-to-use treatment system was installed at home, which consisted of a 250 L storage tank where coagulation was performed and evaluated by the prickly pear liquefaction with a resting time of 48 h, finally followed by a filtration stage with cotton, stone and sand. The purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) of the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica, was initially evaluated with the first wash rinse of 62.5 L, using amounts of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g of the liquefied stalk, compared to the control group. The best result of the effluent purification effect was obtained with the use of 200 g of liquefied prickly pear stalk in 62.5 L of domestic laundry effluent. A system for home use with effective biocoagulant was developed for the treatment of domestic laundry effluents, replacing conventional chemical coagulants used in wastewater treatment, providing environmentally friendly technological alternatives that generate fewer pollutants and better water reuse. Regarding the treatment of the final total rinse or complete wash cycle of 250 L, the purifying effect (coagulation –filtration) of the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica, was evaluated, using quantities of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g, compared to the control group. The best result of the effluent purification effect was obtained with the use of 200 g of liquefied prickly pear stalk in 250 L of domestic laundry effluent. The synergizing purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) of alum was evaluated, adding Opuntia ficus-indica to the prickly pear treatment, with the first wash rinse of 62.5 L, using quantities of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g of the liquefied stalk concentrate, as well as 5625 mg of alum compared to the control group. The best result of the purifying effect of the effluent was obtained with the use of 200 g of prickly pear stalk liquefied with alum in 62.5 L of domestic laundry effluent. The synergizing purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) of the alum was evaluated, in the total rinsing at the end or complete washing cycle of 250 L, the purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) by the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica, using amounts of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g, as well as 22500 mg of alum compared to the control group. The best result of the effluent purification effect was obtained with the use of 200 g of prickly pear stalk liquefied with alum in 250 L of domestic laundry effluent. The degree of purification of the treated effluent was evaluated with the analysis of parameters such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), pH, total solids and sulfates. The results were compared with a conventional treatment of the coagulant substance such as ferric chloride.
The coagulant effect of the prickly pear stalk Opuntia ficus-indica in liquefied form was studied, as well as the synergizing effect of alum, as a method of treatment of domestic laundry effluents. An easy-to-use treatment system was installed at home, which consisted of a 250 L storage tank where coagulation was performed and evaluated by the prickly pear liquefaction with a resting time of 48 h, finally followed by a filtration stage with cotton, stone and sand. The purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) of the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica, was initially evaluated with the first wash rinse of 62.5 L, using amounts of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g of the liquefied stalk, compared to the control group. The best result of the effluent purification effect was obtained with the use of 200 g of liquefied prickly pear stalk in 62.5 L of domestic laundry effluent. A system for home use with effective biocoagulant was developed for the treatment of domestic laundry effluents, replacing conventional chemical coagulants used in wastewater treatment, providing environmentally friendly technological alternatives that generate fewer pollutants and better water reuse. Regarding the treatment of the final total rinse or complete wash cycle of 250 L, the purifying effect (coagulation –filtration) of the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica, was evaluated, using quantities of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g, compared to the control group. The best result of the effluent purification effect was obtained with the use of 200 g of liquefied prickly pear stalk in 250 L of domestic laundry effluent. The synergizing purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) of alum was evaluated, adding Opuntia ficus-indica to the prickly pear treatment, with the first wash rinse of 62.5 L, using quantities of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g of the liquefied stalk concentrate, as well as 5625 mg of alum compared to the control group. The best result of the purifying effect of the effluent was obtained with the use of 200 g of prickly pear stalk liquefied with alum in 62.5 L of domestic laundry effluent. The synergizing purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) of the alum was evaluated, in the total rinsing at the end or complete washing cycle of 250 L, the purifying effect (coagulation – filtration) by the prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica, using amounts of 100 g, 200 g, 400 g and 800 g, as well as 22500 mg of alum compared to the control group. The best result of the effluent purification effect was obtained with the use of 200 g of prickly pear stalk liquefied with alum in 250 L of domestic laundry effluent. The degree of purification of the treated effluent was evaluated with the analysis of parameters such as COD (chemical oxygen demand), pH, total solids and sulfates. The results were compared with a conventional treatment of the coagulant substance such as ferric chloride.
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Opuntia ficus-indica, Nopales, Aguas residuales--Purificación
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