Regulación responsiva: un antídoto contra la discrecionalidad en las penalidades distintas a la penalidad por mora en la contratación pública
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El trabajo analiza las deficiencias en la regulación de penalidades en las contrataciones públicas en el Perú, centrándose en la aplicación de sanciones distintas a la penalidad
por mora. Estas penalidades, reguladas por el artículo 163° del Reglamento de la Ley de Contrataciones del Estado, generan conflictos debido a su discrecionalidad y falta de claridad. La imposición rígida de sanciones fomenta litigiosidad, desconfianza y afecta la eficiencia en la ejecución de obras públicas. Ante ello, se propone implementar la regulación responsiva, un modelo adaptativo que combina medidas persuasivas y sancionadoras según el comportamiento del contratista.
Este enfoque promueve la corrección de incumplimientos de manera proporcional,
evitando sanciones automáticas y fomentando el diálogo entre el Estado y los contratistas. La regulación responsiva facilita una gestión eficiente de los recursos públicos, reduce costos administrativos y refuerza principios de buen gobierno, como la transparencia y la equidad. Además, permite diferenciar entre incumplimientos leves
y graves, aplicando sanciones solo cuando sea necesario. Esta propuesta contribuiría a optimizar los procesos de contratación, fortalecer la confianza en las instituciones y garantizar una ejecución oportuna y eficiente de proyectos públicos. En conclusión, la regulación responsiva se presenta como una alternativa innovadora para transformar las penalidades en mecanismos justos y efectivos, alineados con los intereses del Estado y la sociedad.
The paper analyzes the shortcomings in the regulation of penalties in public procurement processes in Peru, focusing on the application of sanctions other than penalties for delays. These penalties, regulated by Article 163 of the State Procurement Law's Regulations, generate conflicts due to discretion and lack of clarity. The rigid imposition of penalties fosters litigation, distrust, and inefficiency in public works execution. To address this, the implementation of responsive regulation is proposed, an adaptive model that combines persuasive and punitive measures depending on contractor behavior. This approach promotes correcting breaches proportionally, avoiding automatic penalties and encouraging dialogue between the state and contractors. Responsive regulation facilitates efficient resource management, reduces administrative costs, and reinforces good governance principles such as transparency and fairness. Additionally, it differentiates between minor and serious breaches, applying penalties only when necessary. This proposal would optimize procurement processes, strengthen trust in institutions, and ensure timely and efficient execution of public projects. In conclusion, responsive regulation offers an innovative alternative to transform penalties into fair and effective mechanisms aligned with state and societal interests.
The paper analyzes the shortcomings in the regulation of penalties in public procurement processes in Peru, focusing on the application of sanctions other than penalties for delays. These penalties, regulated by Article 163 of the State Procurement Law's Regulations, generate conflicts due to discretion and lack of clarity. The rigid imposition of penalties fosters litigation, distrust, and inefficiency in public works execution. To address this, the implementation of responsive regulation is proposed, an adaptive model that combines persuasive and punitive measures depending on contractor behavior. This approach promotes correcting breaches proportionally, avoiding automatic penalties and encouraging dialogue between the state and contractors. Responsive regulation facilitates efficient resource management, reduces administrative costs, and reinforces good governance principles such as transparency and fairness. Additionally, it differentiates between minor and serious breaches, applying penalties only when necessary. This proposal would optimize procurement processes, strengthen trust in institutions, and ensure timely and efficient execution of public projects. In conclusion, responsive regulation offers an innovative alternative to transform penalties into fair and effective mechanisms aligned with state and societal interests.
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