Buenas prácticas de gestión de riesgo de crédito y su impacto en la creación de valor: los casos de las seis cooperativas de ahorro y crédito top del Perú 2018
Date
2019-10-02
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las buenas prácticas de gestión de
riesgo de crédito y su impacto en la creación de valor en las cooperativas de ahorro y
crédito top del Perú al 2017-2018, para lo cual se planteó un modelo inédito denominado
BPCRM (Best Practices Credit Risk Model) que consta de 10 prácticas que representan
buenas prácticas debido a los tres pilares en los que descansa: (1) amplio marco teórico
revisado y relacionado a gestión de riesgo de crédito en el sector financiero,
principalmente en el sector cooperativo; (2) juicio experto de los funcionarios
responsables de la gestión de riesgo en las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito, en adelante
COOPAC, capturado a través de entrevistas en profundidad; y (3) sustento estadístico de
la regresión lineal simple que relaciona la variable dependiente creación de valor con la
variable independiente puntaje obtenido en el modelo elaborado. El indicador usado para
medir la creación de valor es el EVA (Economic Value Added). La robustez estadística
del modelo es representada a través de dos estadígrafos: (1) coeficiente de determinación
(R cuadrado), con un valor de 0.6232; y (2) coeficiente de correlación entre las variables
de estudio, con un valor de 0.79.
La población está compuesta por aquellas COOPAC legalmente constituidas al 2018 y
que poseen información financiera en la Federación Nacional de Cooperativas de Ahorro
y Crédito del Perú (FENACREP), y la muestra se define en las seis COOPAC top del
Perú, considerando representatividad del mercado puesto que, las seis COOPAC poseen
el 47.52% del total de activos y el 48.98% de la cartera de créditos. La metodología
empleada fue la entrevista cualitativa en profundidad, el diseño de la investigación es no
experimental de tipo longitudinal y descriptivo.
Los resultados del estudio demuestran diversidad de prácticas de gestión de riesgo de
crédito que se manifiestan en políticas, procesos y procedimientos en el otorgamiento,
seguimiento y recuperación del crédito, además se evidencia una relación directa entre el
grado de aplicación de estas prácticas y el EVA, es decir, a medida que se incrementa el
grado de aplicación de las diez buenas prácticas identificadas, también se incrementa el
EVA. Finalmente, el modelo BPCRM puede ser incorporado en las herramientas de
gestión de riesgo de crédito de las COOPAC y por entes supervisores como la
Superintendencia de Bancos, Seguros y AFP en el caso peruano.
The objective of this work was to identify best practices in the credit risk management and its impact on the creation of value in the top savings and credit cooperatives of Peru in 2017- 2018. In order to identify these best practices, an unprecedented model called BPCRM (Best Practices Credit Risk Model) was outlined. This model consists of 10 practices considered as best practices on account of the three pillars they are based on: (1) the broad theoretical framework reviewed and related to credit risk management in the cooperative sector; (2) the expertise of the officials responsible for the risk management in the Savings and Credit Cooperatives (Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito) from now on COOPAC, background gathered through in-depth interviews to the aforementioned officials; and (3) the statistical substantiation of the simple linear regression that relates the dependent variable of the Creation of Value to the independent variable of the obtained results from the model proposed. The indicator used to measure the creation of value is the EVA (Economic Value Added). The statistical robustness of the model is represented through two statisticians: (1) the coefficient of determination (R squared) with 0.6232 of value; and the coefficient of correlation among the variables of study with 0.79 of value. The population is formed by the COOPAC legally constituted and whose financial information can be found in the Federación Nacional de Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del Perú – FENACREP. The sample is based on the top six COOPAC of Peru, considering their representation in the market and that they own 47.52% of the total assets and 48.98% of the credit portfolio. The method used was the qualitative in-depth interview. The research design is non experimental. It is longitudinal and descriptive. The results of the study evince a variety of practices of credit risk management, and this, in turns evince policies, processes and procedures to grant, monitor and recover credits. In addition, there is a direct relationship between the application degree of these practices and the EVA. That is, the EVA increases whenever the application degree of the ten best practices increases. Finally, in the case of Peru, the BPCRM model can be implemented as a tool to manage the credit risk of the COOPAC and supervisory organizations such as the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP.
The objective of this work was to identify best practices in the credit risk management and its impact on the creation of value in the top savings and credit cooperatives of Peru in 2017- 2018. In order to identify these best practices, an unprecedented model called BPCRM (Best Practices Credit Risk Model) was outlined. This model consists of 10 practices considered as best practices on account of the three pillars they are based on: (1) the broad theoretical framework reviewed and related to credit risk management in the cooperative sector; (2) the expertise of the officials responsible for the risk management in the Savings and Credit Cooperatives (Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito) from now on COOPAC, background gathered through in-depth interviews to the aforementioned officials; and (3) the statistical substantiation of the simple linear regression that relates the dependent variable of the Creation of Value to the independent variable of the obtained results from the model proposed. The indicator used to measure the creation of value is the EVA (Economic Value Added). The statistical robustness of the model is represented through two statisticians: (1) the coefficient of determination (R squared) with 0.6232 of value; and the coefficient of correlation among the variables of study with 0.79 of value. The population is formed by the COOPAC legally constituted and whose financial information can be found in the Federación Nacional de Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del Perú – FENACREP. The sample is based on the top six COOPAC of Peru, considering their representation in the market and that they own 47.52% of the total assets and 48.98% of the credit portfolio. The method used was the qualitative in-depth interview. The research design is non experimental. It is longitudinal and descriptive. The results of the study evince a variety of practices of credit risk management, and this, in turns evince policies, processes and procedures to grant, monitor and recover credits. In addition, there is a direct relationship between the application degree of these practices and the EVA. That is, the EVA increases whenever the application degree of the ten best practices increases. Finally, in the case of Peru, the BPCRM model can be implemented as a tool to manage the credit risk of the COOPAC and supervisory organizations such as the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP.
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Keywords
Instituciones financieras--Perú, Cooperativas--Perú
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