Primeros auxilios psicológicos y las experiencias del personal de salud
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación analiza las experiencias de los psicólogos del primer nivel de
atención del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) en la aplicación de los Primeros Auxilios
Psicológicos (PAP) durante la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19. Ante la falta de
estudios que aborden su implementación en contextos de emergencia, el estudio busca
comprender cómo los profesionales aplicaron los PAP tanto en la atención a pacientes como
en el autocuidado entre colegas. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico
descriptivo. Participaron cuatro psicólogos y psicólogas pertenecientes a la Dirección de Redes
Integradas de Salud (DIRIS) Lima Centro, quienes contaban con formación y experiencia
previa en PAP. La información se recolectó mediante una ficha sociodemográfica y entrevistas
semiestructuradas, analizándose los datos desde un enfoque interpretativo. Los resultados
evidencian que los PAP demostraron ser una herramienta esencial para controlar las emociones,
lo que benefició tanto a los pacientes como a los profesionales sanitarios, además, surgieron
problemas relacionados con el compromiso emocional, la neutralidad y la confidencialidad
como consecuencia del agotamiento psicológico y la sobrecarga de trabajo. En conclusión, para
mejorar las habilidades psicológicas, emocionales y técnicas de los psicólogos que trabajan en
situaciones de emergencia sanitaria, es necesario proporcionarles espacios dedicados a la
formación y la supervisión.
This research analyzes the experiences of first-level care psychologists from the Ministry of Health (MINSA) in applying Psychological First Aid (PFA) during the health crisis caused by COVID-19. Given the lack of studies addressing its implementation in emergency contexts, the study seeks to understand how professionals applied PFA both in patient care and in selfcare among colleagues. A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Four psychologists belonging to the Directorate of Integrated Health Networks (DIRIS) Lima Centro, who had previous training and experience in PAP, participated. Information was collected using a sociodemographic form and semi-structured interviews, and the data was analyzed from an interpretive approach. The results show that PAP proved to be an essential tool for controlling emotions, which benefited both patients and healthcare professionals. In addition, problems related to emotional commitment, neutrality, and confidentiality arose as a result of psychological exhaustion and work overload. In conclusion, to improve the psychological, emotional, and technical skills of psychologists working in health emergencies, it is necessary to provide them with spaces dedicated to training and supervision.
This research analyzes the experiences of first-level care psychologists from the Ministry of Health (MINSA) in applying Psychological First Aid (PFA) during the health crisis caused by COVID-19. Given the lack of studies addressing its implementation in emergency contexts, the study seeks to understand how professionals applied PFA both in patient care and in selfcare among colleagues. A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Four psychologists belonging to the Directorate of Integrated Health Networks (DIRIS) Lima Centro, who had previous training and experience in PAP, participated. Information was collected using a sociodemographic form and semi-structured interviews, and the data was analyzed from an interpretive approach. The results show that PAP proved to be an essential tool for controlling emotions, which benefited both patients and healthcare professionals. In addition, problems related to emotional commitment, neutrality, and confidentiality arose as a result of psychological exhaustion and work overload. In conclusion, to improve the psychological, emotional, and technical skills of psychologists working in health emergencies, it is necessary to provide them with spaces dedicated to training and supervision.
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Promoción de la salud, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)--Aspectos psicológicos, Psicología--Formación profesional, Enfermos--Aspectos psicológicos, Médicos y pacientes
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