Diseño y gestión del plan del adulto mayor en la Municipalidad de Comas
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Date
2021-08-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Desde el año 2006, la ley N° 28803 establece derechos específicos para el adulto
mayor, y la Política Nacional en relación a las Personas Adultas Mayores (PAM)
(Decreto Supremo N°011-2011-MIMDES) representa un instrumento clave que articula
las instancias del Estado en torno a este grupo social en situación de vulnerabilidad.
Esta investigación fue necesaria pues la Política Nacional del Adulto Mayor (PLANPAM)
vigente desde el 2011 que luego se convirtió en el Plan Nacional del Adulto Mayor 2013-
2017 estableció funciones a nivel del gobierno regional y local, sin embargo, no existe
un análisis de su rol como promotor de los derechos del adulto mayor desde una mirada
integral de la gerencia social.
El objetivo general del estudio fue “Analizar el diseño y gestión del Plan del Adulto
Mayor de la Municipalidad de Comas”, identificando la dimensión social e institucional
que aborda en su gerencia social, para posteriormente recomendar lineamientos acorde
a las demandas y necesidades de la población Adulto Mayor (PAM) del distrito. Los
objetivos específicos: 1. Conocer la vida cotidiana de la PAM y las percepciones que
tienen los funcionarios, la propia PAM y sus familias sobre la situación de la PAM;
2.Conocer y analizar los mecanismos de participación y estrategias de comunicación
que utiliza la municipalidad en el involucramiento de la PAM en el desarrollo local; 3.
Conocer la estrategia de gerencia social que utiliza la Municipalidad de Comas para el
diseño y gestión del PLANPAM.
La investigación refiere a un estudio de caso donde se analiza el diseño y ejecución de
la política del Adulto Mayor y su adecuación local en el distrito de Comas.
Los resultados de la investigación permiten constatar que la municipalidad ha iniciado
un proceso sistemático de diseño y gestión del PLANPAM superando las iniciativas
dispersas de años anteriores, con el decidido apoyo del Ministerio de la Mujer y
Poblaciones Vulnerables (MIMP). Sin embargo, el diseño institucional no incorpora de
manera suficiente a la PAM, siendo central para ello iniciar un proceso de planificación
estratégica y menos de actividades como se realiza actualmente. También constatamos
que, si bien existe un diagnóstico de los PAM, éste no ha sido suficientemente
incorporado en el diseño del PLANPAM, así la oferta hacia ellos y ellas no incorpora
suficientemente su rutina y vida cotidiana, la incorporación de la familia como espacio central de fortalecimiento de sus derechos, y la autopercepción de la PAM como agente
de desarrollo en la localidad. De esta manera, la oferta de cursos y talleres aparece
dispersa y el acceso a ellos está más circunscrito a quienes viven alrededor de la
municipalidad o acceden a su información, pues no existe una estrategia de marketing
del servicio centrado en la o el ciudadano PAM.
También se identifica que, si bien los mecanismos de participación ciudadana como plan
de desarrollo concertado y presupuesto participativo funcionan, aún no incorporan de
manera suficiente la participación de los adultos mayores, en parte porque se requiere
impulsar y fortalecer la organización de PAM que garantice la inclusión de su agenda en
estos espacios. Asimismo, la comunicación municipal si bien cuenta con una amplia
presencia en medios se centra -desde las perspectivas de los PAM- en temas de
recaudación de tributos viéndolos como contribuyentes, por ello se requiere que la
comunicación institucional se articule con la comunicación ciudadana comunitaria,
definiendo objetivos y temas dirigidos al adulto mayor y sus familias.
La investigación fue de naturaleza cualitativa, como estudio de caso. Las unidades de
análisis fueron las y los 05 funcionarios de la municipalidad de Comas vinculados al
PLANPAM, 02 funcionarios del MIMP del DIPAM, adultos mayores, adultos y jóvenes
con familiares adulto mayor de las diferentes zonas de Comas. Se consideró también la
revisión documental.
Since 2006, Law No. 28803 has established specific rights for the elderly, and the National Policy related to Elderly Adult Persons (Supreme Decree No. 1011-2011- MIMDES) is a key instrument for integrating State bodies with regard to this social group in a situation of vulnerability. This research became necessary because the National Policy for the Elderly Adult, in force since 2011, and which later became a National Plan for the Elderly Adult 2013- 2017 (PLANPAM, for its initials in Spanish), establishes functions at the regional and local government level. However, there is no analysis of its role as a promoter of the rights of the elderly from a comprehensive social management perspective. The general objective of the study is: "To analyse the design and management of the Elderly Adult Plan implemented by the local government of Comas, identifying the social and institutional dimension that it addresses in its social management, and subsequently recommend guidelines in accordance with the demands and needs of the district's elderly population. The specific objectives: 1. To learn about the daily life of the elderly adult persons (EAP) and the perceptions that public servants, the EAP themselves and their families have about the situation of the EAP, 2. To learn about and analyze the participation mechanisms and communication strategies that the municipality uses in the involvement of the EAP in local development; 3. Recognize the social management strategy used by the Comas Municipality for the design and management of the PLANPAM. The research refers to a case study which analyses the design and implementation of the policy for elderly adult persons and its local adaptation. The results of the research show that the municipality has begun a systematic process of designing and managing the PLANPAM, overcoming the scattered initiatives of previous years, with a strong support from the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Population (MIMP, for its initials in Spanish). However, the institutional design does not sufficiently incorporate the EAP, becomes central to initiate a process of strategic planning instead of activities as it is currently done. We also found that although there is a diagnosis of the EAP, it has not been sufficiently incorporated into the design of the PLANPAM, so the offer for them does not sufficiently incorporate their routine and daily life, doesn’t consider their family as a central space for strengthening their rights, and the selfperception of the elderly adult person as an agent of development in the locality. Thus the offer of courses and workshops appears dispersed and the access to them is more circumscribed to those who live around the municipality or access its information, since there is no marketing strategy of the service centered on the elderly adult citizen. It was also found that, although mechanisms for citizen participation such as a concerted development plan and a participatory budget are functioning, they still do not sufficiently incorporate the participation of elderly adults, partly because it is necessary to promote and strengthen the organization of the EAP in order to guarantee the inclusion of its agenda in these spaces. Likewise, municipal communication, although it has a wide presence in the media, focuses -from the perspective of the EAP- on tax collection issues, seeing them as taxpayers. The research was of a qualitative nature, as a case study. The units of analysis were the 05 civil servants of the municipality of Comas linked to the PLANPAM, 02 public officials of the Elderly Adult Person’s Direction (DIPAM, for its initials in Spanish) from the MIMP, elderly adults, adults and young people who have older family members from different areas of Comas. It was also considered a documentary review.
Since 2006, Law No. 28803 has established specific rights for the elderly, and the National Policy related to Elderly Adult Persons (Supreme Decree No. 1011-2011- MIMDES) is a key instrument for integrating State bodies with regard to this social group in a situation of vulnerability. This research became necessary because the National Policy for the Elderly Adult, in force since 2011, and which later became a National Plan for the Elderly Adult 2013- 2017 (PLANPAM, for its initials in Spanish), establishes functions at the regional and local government level. However, there is no analysis of its role as a promoter of the rights of the elderly from a comprehensive social management perspective. The general objective of the study is: "To analyse the design and management of the Elderly Adult Plan implemented by the local government of Comas, identifying the social and institutional dimension that it addresses in its social management, and subsequently recommend guidelines in accordance with the demands and needs of the district's elderly population. The specific objectives: 1. To learn about the daily life of the elderly adult persons (EAP) and the perceptions that public servants, the EAP themselves and their families have about the situation of the EAP, 2. To learn about and analyze the participation mechanisms and communication strategies that the municipality uses in the involvement of the EAP in local development; 3. Recognize the social management strategy used by the Comas Municipality for the design and management of the PLANPAM. The research refers to a case study which analyses the design and implementation of the policy for elderly adult persons and its local adaptation. The results of the research show that the municipality has begun a systematic process of designing and managing the PLANPAM, overcoming the scattered initiatives of previous years, with a strong support from the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Population (MIMP, for its initials in Spanish). However, the institutional design does not sufficiently incorporate the EAP, becomes central to initiate a process of strategic planning instead of activities as it is currently done. We also found that although there is a diagnosis of the EAP, it has not been sufficiently incorporated into the design of the PLANPAM, so the offer for them does not sufficiently incorporate their routine and daily life, doesn’t consider their family as a central space for strengthening their rights, and the selfperception of the elderly adult person as an agent of development in the locality. Thus the offer of courses and workshops appears dispersed and the access to them is more circumscribed to those who live around the municipality or access its information, since there is no marketing strategy of the service centered on the elderly adult citizen. It was also found that, although mechanisms for citizen participation such as a concerted development plan and a participatory budget are functioning, they still do not sufficiently incorporate the participation of elderly adults, partly because it is necessary to promote and strengthen the organization of the EAP in order to guarantee the inclusion of its agenda in these spaces. Likewise, municipal communication, although it has a wide presence in the media, focuses -from the perspective of the EAP- on tax collection issues, seeing them as taxpayers. The research was of a qualitative nature, as a case study. The units of analysis were the 05 civil servants of the municipality of Comas linked to the PLANPAM, 02 public officials of the Elderly Adult Person’s Direction (DIPAM, for its initials in Spanish) from the MIMP, elderly adults, adults and young people who have older family members from different areas of Comas. It was also considered a documentary review.
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Keywords
Trabajo social con ancianos--Perú--Comas (Lima : Distrito), Adulto mayor--Municipalidades, Planes de gobierno--Municipios
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