Degradación de la capacidad estructural de pórticos regulares de concreto armado afectados por deterioros patológicos
Date
2024-06-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El Perú es un país con una alta sismicidad debido a su ubicación en la zona
denominada ‘Cinturón de Fuego del Pacífico’, haciendo que la construcción de
edificaciones seguras sea fundamental. Sin embargo, la construcción informal genera
el desarrollo de patologías estructurales haciendo a las edificaciones más vulnerables.
El desconocimiento sobre las consecuencias de las patologías estructurales puede
llevar a ignorar los peligros reales y aumentar el riesgo de daños y pérdida de vidas
humanas en caso de un sismo. Es necesario comprender que el deterioro de la
estructura puede disminuir su capacidad estructural para resistir sismos.
La investigación tiene como propósito presentar un estudio inicial sobre la degradación
de la capacidad estructural de pórticos de concreto armado afectados por deterioros
patológicos.
Se consideró la configuración de pórticos de concreto armado de hasta seis niveles y
seis crujías afectados por las patologías de carbonatación, ciclos de hielo y deshielo,
corrosión, porosidad, y reacción álcali-sílice, en tres grados de afectación patológica
(leve, moderado y severo). Siendo las patologías de corrosión, carbonatación y
porosidad las de más probable ocurrencia en nuestro país. Se analizó un total de 96
pórticos
Las patologías estructurales fueron modeladas en función de los resultados obtenidos
de investigaciones experimentales publicadas en papers científicos.
El método de análisis estructural utilizado fue el análisis estático no lineal (‘pushover’),
mediante el cual se obtuvieron curvas de capacidad, las cuales relacionan el cortante
basal con el desplazamiento máximo de la estructura (trabajo por fuerzas externas).
Posteriormente, se comparan los resultados obtenidos (curvas de capacidad) con los
cuales se determina el comportamiento de las estructuras afectadas por las diferentes
patologías estructurales. Se concluye con la determinación de los porcentajes de
degradación de la capacidad estructural.
Peru is a country with high seismic activity due to its location in the area known as the 'Pacific Ring of Fire', which makes the construction of safe buildings a fundamental need. However, the large amount of informal construction in the country generates structural pathologies, making buildings vulnerable to earthquakes. Lack of knowledge about the consequences of structural pathologies in buildings can lead to ignoring real dangers and increasing the risk of damage and loss of human life in the event of an earthquake. It is necessary to understand that structural degradation can decrease its ability to resist an earthquake. The research presents an initial study on the structural degradation of reinforced concrete buildings affected by structural pathologies. The configuration of reinforced concrete frames with up to six levels and six spans affected by pathologies such as carbonation, freeze-thaw cycles, corrosion, porosity, and alkali-silica reaction was considered in three levels of pathological severity (mild, moderate, and severe). Corrosion, carbonation, and porosity were identified as the most likely occurring pathologies in our country. A total of 96 frames were analyzed. Structural pathologies were modeled based on the results obtained from experimental research published in scientific papers. The structural analysis method used was nonlinear static analysis ('pushover'), through which capacity curves were obtained which related the base shear with the maximum displacement of the structure (work by external forces). Subsequently, the obtained results (capacity curves) were compared, and the behavior of the structures affected by different structural pathologies was determined. The research concludes with the determination of the percentages of degradation of the structural capacity.
Peru is a country with high seismic activity due to its location in the area known as the 'Pacific Ring of Fire', which makes the construction of safe buildings a fundamental need. However, the large amount of informal construction in the country generates structural pathologies, making buildings vulnerable to earthquakes. Lack of knowledge about the consequences of structural pathologies in buildings can lead to ignoring real dangers and increasing the risk of damage and loss of human life in the event of an earthquake. It is necessary to understand that structural degradation can decrease its ability to resist an earthquake. The research presents an initial study on the structural degradation of reinforced concrete buildings affected by structural pathologies. The configuration of reinforced concrete frames with up to six levels and six spans affected by pathologies such as carbonation, freeze-thaw cycles, corrosion, porosity, and alkali-silica reaction was considered in three levels of pathological severity (mild, moderate, and severe). Corrosion, carbonation, and porosity were identified as the most likely occurring pathologies in our country. A total of 96 frames were analyzed. Structural pathologies were modeled based on the results obtained from experimental research published in scientific papers. The structural analysis method used was nonlinear static analysis ('pushover'), through which capacity curves were obtained which related the base shear with the maximum displacement of the structure (work by external forces). Subsequently, the obtained results (capacity curves) were compared, and the behavior of the structures affected by different structural pathologies was determined. The research concludes with the determination of the percentages of degradation of the structural capacity.
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Keywords
Análisis estructural (Ingeniería), Concreto armado, Ingeniería antisísmica--Análisis
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