Evaluación de la deionización capacitiva de NaCl acuoso empleando un electrodo de carbón activado modificado con hexafluorofosfatro de 1-butil-3-metilimidazolio
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2018-09-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente trabajo de tesis, se presenta la síntesis, caracterización y aplicación de un
electrodo de carbón activado y carbón activado modificado con el líquido iónico
hexafluorofosfato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazolio en la remoción de cloruro de sodio mediante el
proceso de deionización capacitiva (CDI) en soluciones acuosas salinas preparadas de 200,
500 y 1000 ppm y aplicando potenciales de 0,8; 1,0 y 1,2 V. El desarrollo de la tecnología
de deionización capacitiva (CDI) para la desalinización de soluciones electrolíticas es un
área bastante prometedora, registrándose hasta la fecha múltiples trabajos a escala de
laboratorio e industrial. El proceso de deionización capacitiva (CDI) depende directamente
de la capacitancia eléctrica de los materiales empleado como electrodos, la humectabilidad
de estos, así como el potencial de trabajo aplicado entre los electrodos. Los materiales
carbonosos al ser modificados con líquido iónico presentan un incremento de la
capacitancia eléctrica, gran estabilidad electroquímica, así como una mejora de la
humectabilidad. Ante esto, surge la siguiente interrogante: ¿será posible desarrollar un
electrodo que contribuya a la mejora de la remoción de cloruro de sodio en el campo de la
deionización capacitiva (CDI)?. Mediante voltametría cíclica se calcula la capacitancia
eléctrica del carbón activado modificado y carbón activado; siendo 58,40 F/g y 44,20 F/g,
respectivamente. Mediante la medición del ángulo de contacto se obtiene una mejora de la
humectabilidad de 112,00° para el electrodo sin modificar a 61,90° para el electrodo
modificado. Finalmente, se logra determinar que a una concentración salina de 1240 ppm y
un potencial de 1,0 V se obtiene la mayor capacidad de remoción de 13,79 mg/g.
In the present thesis is presented the synthesis, characterization and application of an activated carbon electrode and activated carbon modified with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for the removal of sodium chloride in prepared aqueous saline solutions of 200, 500 and 1000 ppm and applying potentials of 0,8; 1,0 and 1,2 V by means of capacitive deionization process (CDI). The development of capacitive deionization (CDI) technology for the desalination of electrolytic solutions is a quite promising field, with multiple laboratory and industrial scale work being recorded to date. The capacitive deionization process (CDI) directly depends on the electrical capacitance of the materials used as electrodes, wettability, as well as the applied work potential between the electrodes. The carbonaceous materials modified with ionic liquid exhibit an increase in electrical capacitance, great electrochemical stability, as well as an improvement in wettability. Given this, the following question arises: will it be possible to develop an electrode that contributes to the improvement of the removal of sodium chloride in the field of capacitive deionization (CDI)? Through cyclic voltammetry technique, the electrical capacitance of modified activated carbon and activated carbon is calculated as 58,40 F/g and 44,20 F/g, respectively. By measuring the contact angle, an improvement in wettability is obtained from 112,00° for the unmodified electrode to 61,90° for the modified electrode. Finally, it is determined that the highest removal capacity of 13,79 mg/g is obtained at a saline concentration of 1240 ppm and a working potential of 1,0 V.
In the present thesis is presented the synthesis, characterization and application of an activated carbon electrode and activated carbon modified with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for the removal of sodium chloride in prepared aqueous saline solutions of 200, 500 and 1000 ppm and applying potentials of 0,8; 1,0 and 1,2 V by means of capacitive deionization process (CDI). The development of capacitive deionization (CDI) technology for the desalination of electrolytic solutions is a quite promising field, with multiple laboratory and industrial scale work being recorded to date. The capacitive deionization process (CDI) directly depends on the electrical capacitance of the materials used as electrodes, wettability, as well as the applied work potential between the electrodes. The carbonaceous materials modified with ionic liquid exhibit an increase in electrical capacitance, great electrochemical stability, as well as an improvement in wettability. Given this, the following question arises: will it be possible to develop an electrode that contributes to the improvement of the removal of sodium chloride in the field of capacitive deionization (CDI)? Through cyclic voltammetry technique, the electrical capacitance of modified activated carbon and activated carbon is calculated as 58,40 F/g and 44,20 F/g, respectively. By measuring the contact angle, an improvement in wettability is obtained from 112,00° for the unmodified electrode to 61,90° for the modified electrode. Finally, it is determined that the highest removal capacity of 13,79 mg/g is obtained at a saline concentration of 1240 ppm and a working potential of 1,0 V.
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Carbón activado, Desalinización, Aguas salinas, Agua de mar
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