Concepciones de ciudadanía y su enseñanza en docentes que trabajan en dos zonas afectadas por el conflicto armado interno en Ayacucho
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2016-03-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo conocer las concepciones de ciudadanía y su enseñanza en
docentes de instituciones educativas públicas secundarias y superiores pedagógicas en zonas de
gran afectación por el conflicto armado interno (CAI) en Ayacucho, Perú. Diez docentes de dos
comunidades fueron entrevistados sobre temas relativos a la identidad, ciudadanía, resolución
de conflictos y la percepción de afectación del CAI en los primeros tres temas abordados. A partir
del análisis de las entrevistas, se encontró que el el marco de comprensión de la ciudadanía en
estos docentes es primordialmente comunitarista, por lo que la ciudadanía se entiende desde la
participación determinada por el cumplimiento de los deberes para preservar las costumbres y
garantizar el bienestar de la comunidad. Luego, se describe una asociación entre los agentes
encargados de la educación ciudadana y el proceso de formación que les correspondería a cada
uno; así, el agente percibido como dominante fue la familia con un papel de modelamiento de
la conducta, mientras que la escuela fue percibida con un rol secundario asociado a la
transmisión de información. Además, los docentes conciben que la educación para la ciudadanía
debiera incorporar valores, pero esto, en la práctica, no va de la mano con estrategias adecuadas
para el desarrollo de una identidad moral. Finalmente, aunque se considera que el CAI ha tenido
repercusiones graves en los pobladores y que es relevante para entender ejercicio actual de la
ciudadanía, se percibe una restricción social y legal que evita que se desarrolle el tema
adecuadamente en clase.
This research aimed to comprehend teachers´ conceptions about citizenship and its pedagogy in high schools and pedagogy institutes in areas of great involvement by the internal armed conflict. Ten teachers of two communities in Ayacucho, Peru were interviewed in-depth on issues related to identity, citizenship, conflict resolution and perceived involvement of CAI in the first three issues raised. Interview transcriptions were qualitatively analyzed and the results were discussed in the form of coincidences, consistencies and inconsistencies. The framework of understanding of citizenship in these teachers is primarily communitarian, so that citizens understood from the participation determined by the performance of the duties to preserve the customs and ensure the welfare of the community. Also, an association has been found between social agents involved in citizenship education and the processes of instruction that each one was responsible for. Parents and family were perceived as the most important socializers associated to a behavior modeling processes role, whereas school and teachers’ roles were related to transmission of information processes. Finally, even though teachers’ conceptions of citizenship stated that it must incorporate (communitarist) values, they do not mention any adequate strategies for the development of a moral identity. Finally, although it is considered that the armed conflict has had serious repercussions on the people and that it is relevant to understand the actual exercise of citizenship, social and legal restrictions prevent the subject from developing properly in class in most cases.
This research aimed to comprehend teachers´ conceptions about citizenship and its pedagogy in high schools and pedagogy institutes in areas of great involvement by the internal armed conflict. Ten teachers of two communities in Ayacucho, Peru were interviewed in-depth on issues related to identity, citizenship, conflict resolution and perceived involvement of CAI in the first three issues raised. Interview transcriptions were qualitatively analyzed and the results were discussed in the form of coincidences, consistencies and inconsistencies. The framework of understanding of citizenship in these teachers is primarily communitarian, so that citizens understood from the participation determined by the performance of the duties to preserve the customs and ensure the welfare of the community. Also, an association has been found between social agents involved in citizenship education and the processes of instruction that each one was responsible for. Parents and family were perceived as the most important socializers associated to a behavior modeling processes role, whereas school and teachers’ roles were related to transmission of information processes. Finally, even though teachers’ conceptions of citizenship stated that it must incorporate (communitarist) values, they do not mention any adequate strategies for the development of a moral identity. Finally, although it is considered that the armed conflict has had serious repercussions on the people and that it is relevant to understand the actual exercise of citizenship, social and legal restrictions prevent the subject from developing properly in class in most cases.
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Ciudadanía., Planificación curricular--Perú., Conflicto armado--Perú, Personal docente--Perú.
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