Estimulación musical y memoria autobiográfica en adultos mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer
Date
2019-02-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar el efecto que genera la estimulación musical en la
memoria autobiográfica de adultos mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer, en una residencia y
hospital militar geriátrico de Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 30 adultos
mayores, 15 con un deterioro cognitivo normal o leve (5 hombres y 10 mujeres) y 15 con el
diagnóstico de enfermedad de Alzheimer (4 hombres y 11 mujeres). Los resultados mostraron
diferencias significativas en la comparación de medias según los puntajes obtenidos de la escala
de TEMPau en los recuerdos autobiográficos evocados por los participantes durante la fase de
estimulación musical, a diferencia de la fase en silencio (p = 0.05). Asimismo, existieron
diferencias significativas en la evocación de recuerdos autobiográficos entre ambos grupos. Del
mismo modo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas, en ambas condiciones experimentales,
tanto en la valoración del Contenido Emocional de los recuerdos evocados, como en el impacto
en el Estado de Ánimo de los participantes; sin embargo, la mayoría de éstos fue de índole
positiva. En conclusión, los hallazgos demostraron que la estimulación musical sí genera la
evocación de eventos autobiográficos significativos para el adulto mayor con enfermedad de
Alzheimer.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of musical stimulation on the autobiographical memory of older adults with Alzheimer's disease in a residence and military geriatric hospital in Lima Metropolitana. The sample was made up of 30 older adults, 15 with normal or mild cognitive impairment (5 men and 10 women) and 15 with Alzheimer's disease (4 men and 11 women). The results showed significant differences in the comparison of means according to the scores obtained from the TEMPau scale in the autobiographical memories evoked by the participants during the musical stimulation phase, in contrast of the silent phase (p = 0.05). Similarly, there were significant differences in the evocation of autobiographical memories between both experimental groups. Finally, no significant differences were found in the two experimental conditions, both in the evaluation of the Emotional Content of the memories evoked, and in the impact on the Mood of the participants; however, most of these were positive. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that musical stimulation generates the evocation of significant autobiographical events in older adults with Alzheimer's disease.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of musical stimulation on the autobiographical memory of older adults with Alzheimer's disease in a residence and military geriatric hospital in Lima Metropolitana. The sample was made up of 30 older adults, 15 with normal or mild cognitive impairment (5 men and 10 women) and 15 with Alzheimer's disease (4 men and 11 women). The results showed significant differences in the comparison of means according to the scores obtained from the TEMPau scale in the autobiographical memories evoked by the participants during the musical stimulation phase, in contrast of the silent phase (p = 0.05). Similarly, there were significant differences in the evocation of autobiographical memories between both experimental groups. Finally, no significant differences were found in the two experimental conditions, both in the evaluation of the Emotional Content of the memories evoked, and in the impact on the Mood of the participants; however, most of these were positive. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that musical stimulation generates the evocation of significant autobiographical events in older adults with Alzheimer's disease.
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Keywords
Enfermedad de Alzheimer--Tratamiento--Investigaciones, Personas adultas mayores, Musicoterapia, Estimulación cerebral
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