Laberintos maternos: tensiones y representaciones de la maternidad en los cuentos “Amor”, de Clarice Lispector y “Como una buena madre”, de Ana María Shua
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta tesis analiza críticamente las representaciones de la maternidad en dos textos de autoras
latinoamericanas: “Amor” (1960), de la escritora brasileña Clarice Lispector y “Como una buena
madre” (2001), de la escritora Ana María Shua. Aunque las autoras se sitúan en contextos
históricos y estético-ideológicos distintos, ambas convergen en un abordaje crítico y
desromantizado de la maternidad que, al mostrarse como constante, evidencia una problemática
estructural vinculada a la subordinación sistemática de los sujetos femeninos y al discurso
esencialista que asocia a las mujeres con la reproducción, el afecto y el cuidado. A partir de un
enfoque que combina las herramientas de los estudios literarios y culturales, con las teorías
feministas y el psicoanálisis, la tesis plantea una lectura que analiza cómo las obras literarias
estudiadas desestabilizan el mito de la maternidad y exponen sus fisuras. El estudio se estructura
en torno a tres ejes: la ambivalencia materna como tensión entre deseo y deber; la maternidad
como dispositivo de poder que regula cuerpos, afectos y subjetividades; y la transformación de la
identidad femenina a través del vínculo con la alteridad. Estos aspectos se abordan mediante la
metáfora del laberinto, que permite pensar la maternidad como una experiencia no lineal,
atravesada por el conflicto, la opacidad y la posibilidad de resistencia. En ambos cuentos, la figura
materna se representa como un sujeto fragmentado que encarna el fracaso del ideal de madre plena,
poniendo en crisis los mandatos sociales y simbólicos que la sostienen. La literatura, en este
sentido, opera como un espacio de desarchivo, donde es posible imaginar otras formas de ser madre
—o de no serlo— desde lo ambiguo, lo incompleto y lo múltiple.
This thesis critically analyzes the representations of motherhood in two texts by Latin American women writers: “Amor” (1960), by the Brazilian author Clarice Lispector, and “Como una buena madre” (2001), by the Argentine writer Ana María Shua. Although these authors are situated in distinct historical and ideological contexts, they converge in a critical and de-romanticized approach to motherhood which, by appearing as a constant, reveals a structural problem linked to the systematic subordination of female subjects and to the essentialist discourse that associates women with reproduction, affection, and caregiving. Drawing from an interdisciplinary approach that combines literary and cultural studies with feminist theory and psychoanalysis, the thesis offers a reading that examines how the selected literary works destabilize the myth of motherhood and expose its fractures. The study is structured around three key themes: maternal ambivalence as a tension between desire and duty; motherhood as a power device that regulates bodies, affects, and subjectivities; and the transformation of female identity through the encounter with alterity. These dimensions are explored through the metaphor of the labyrinth, which fosters an understanding of motherhood as a non-linear experience, marked by conflict, opacity, and the potential for resistance. In both stories, the maternal figure is portrayed as a fragmented subject who embodies the failure of the ideal of the fulfilled mother, thus questioning the social and symbolic mandates that sustain it. Literature, in this sense, operates as a space of unarchiving, where it becomes possible to imagine other ways of being a mother—or not being one—through what is ambiguous, incomplete, and multiple.
This thesis critically analyzes the representations of motherhood in two texts by Latin American women writers: “Amor” (1960), by the Brazilian author Clarice Lispector, and “Como una buena madre” (2001), by the Argentine writer Ana María Shua. Although these authors are situated in distinct historical and ideological contexts, they converge in a critical and de-romanticized approach to motherhood which, by appearing as a constant, reveals a structural problem linked to the systematic subordination of female subjects and to the essentialist discourse that associates women with reproduction, affection, and caregiving. Drawing from an interdisciplinary approach that combines literary and cultural studies with feminist theory and psychoanalysis, the thesis offers a reading that examines how the selected literary works destabilize the myth of motherhood and expose its fractures. The study is structured around three key themes: maternal ambivalence as a tension between desire and duty; motherhood as a power device that regulates bodies, affects, and subjectivities; and the transformation of female identity through the encounter with alterity. These dimensions are explored through the metaphor of the labyrinth, which fosters an understanding of motherhood as a non-linear experience, marked by conflict, opacity, and the potential for resistance. In both stories, the maternal figure is portrayed as a fragmented subject who embodies the failure of the ideal of the fulfilled mother, thus questioning the social and symbolic mandates that sustain it. Literature, in this sense, operates as a space of unarchiving, where it becomes possible to imagine other ways of being a mother—or not being one—through what is ambiguous, incomplete, and multiple.
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Lispector, Clarice--Crítica e interpretación, Shua, Ana María, 1951- --Crítica e interpretación, Maternidad en la literatura, Representaciones sociales
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