Efectos de la asociación excitatoria e inhibitoria entre estímulos visuales sobre la inhibición condicionada en pacientes con esquizofrenia
Date
2019-02-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La inhibición condicionada (IC) es un paradigma que ha resultado difícil de establecer en el
estudio con seres humanos. No obstante, se ha logrado superar dichas dificultades. De esa
manera, se ha encontrado que la IC es de gran ayuda para el estudio de desórdenes como la
esquizofrenia o personas con rasgos esquizotípicos en los que los mecanismos cognitivos
inhibitorios son deficientes. En ese marco, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo
principal caracterizar marcadores comportamentales a través de técnicas de aprendizaje
asociativo en experimentos con pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia y describir el aprendizaje
asociativo en el grupo de pacientes con esquizofrenia y en el grupo de participantes sin ella. Para
ello, mediante un ejercicio por computadora, se midió la excitación e inhibición condicionadas
en un mismo procedimiento de discriminación. La IC se midió a través de un puntaje de cociente
que comparaba el grado en que el estímulo inhibidor y el estímulo neutral reducían la respuesta
condicionada a la señal excitatoria. Por ello, un menor puntaje de cociente indicaría un mayor
aprendizaje inhibitorio. No obstante, se observó que no hubo diferencias significativas entre el
grupo de pacientes con esquizofrenia y participantes sin esquizofrenia. Además, ninguno de los
dos grupos logró aprender la discriminación entre los estímulos reforzados y no reforzados. Por
lo que podría sugerir que el tipo de imágenes que servían como EI no fueron los suficientemente
agradables o neutrales para la muestra escogida.
Conditioned inhibition (CI) has been difficult to establish paradigm in human study. However, these difficulties have been overcome. It has been found that CI is of great help in the study of disorders such as schizophrenia or people with schizotypal traits in which inhibitory cognitive mechanisms are deficient. In this context, the present research has as main objective to characterize behavioral markers through associative learning techniques in experiments with patients suffering from schizophrenia and describe associative learning in the group of patients with schizophrenia and in the group of participants without it. For this, by means of a computer exercise, conditioned excitation and inhibition in the same discrimination procedure was measured. CI was measured through a ratio score comparing the degree to which the inhibitory stimulus and the neutral stimulus reduced the conditioned response to the excitatory signal. Therefore, a lower ratio score would indicate a greater inhibitory learning. However, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the group of patients with schizophrenia and participants without schizophrenia. In addition, neither of the two groups achieved discrimination between reinforced and unreinforced stimuli. What could mean that the type of image that can be used as EI was not the appropriate or neutral for the chosen sample.
Conditioned inhibition (CI) has been difficult to establish paradigm in human study. However, these difficulties have been overcome. It has been found that CI is of great help in the study of disorders such as schizophrenia or people with schizotypal traits in which inhibitory cognitive mechanisms are deficient. In this context, the present research has as main objective to characterize behavioral markers through associative learning techniques in experiments with patients suffering from schizophrenia and describe associative learning in the group of patients with schizophrenia and in the group of participants without it. For this, by means of a computer exercise, conditioned excitation and inhibition in the same discrimination procedure was measured. CI was measured through a ratio score comparing the degree to which the inhibitory stimulus and the neutral stimulus reduced the conditioned response to the excitatory signal. Therefore, a lower ratio score would indicate a greater inhibitory learning. However, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the group of patients with schizophrenia and participants without schizophrenia. In addition, neither of the two groups achieved discrimination between reinforced and unreinforced stimuli. What could mean that the type of image that can be used as EI was not the appropriate or neutral for the chosen sample.
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Keywords
Inhibición (Psicología), Esquizofrenia
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