Factores asociados al interés y percepción de las ciencias naturales en escolares
Date
2018-07-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación presenta un estudio acerca del interés por las ciencias naturales y la percepción que se tiene de
ellas, así como de los cursos que se dictan en esta materia y de qué manera estos difieren según el sexo y el grado
escolar. Participaron 456 estudiantes de tres instituciones educativas (II. EE.) públicas y mixtas, de 6.° grado de
primaria y 4.° año de secundaria. Las II. EE. fueron seleccionadas en función de los resultados de la Evaluación
Censal de Estudiantes-ECE 2015 en matemáticas y lectura, teniendo como principal criterio los niveles más bajos
de logro en la mayoría de su población (previo y al inicio). El interés es entendido como el compromiso y la
implicación a largo plazo con un determinado objeto o tema, que genera en el estudiante vínculos cognitivos,
afectivos y de valor utilitario, lo cual permite que se sienta motivado, autoeficaz y con deseos de recibir
retroalimentación y mejorar sus conocimientos. Se construyeron las escalas de interés por las ciencias naturales
(Renninger y Hidi, 2016) y las de percepción de las ciencias y los cursos de ciencias naturales (Bulunuz y Jarrett,
2009). Ambas fueron lingüísticamente ajustadas a partir de un estudio piloto, antes de aplicarlas a la muestra del
estudio. De esta manera, se comprobaron las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos. Los ítems de la escala
de interés por las ciencias se agruparon en cuatro factores: 1) aproximación voluntaria a las ciencias naturales:
actual y futura; 2) atención preferente y agrado por temas o actividades de ciencias proporcionados por otros
(familia, colegio, comunidad); 3) curiosidad por aprender y profundizar conocimientos sobre ciencias; y 4)
disfrute y curiosidad por fenómenos específicos: naturales, biológicos, mecánicos, cósmicos y otros. Las escalas
de percepción fueron unidimensionales. Los resultados indicaron diferencias por grado escolar tanto en el interés
por las ciencias como por cada factor de la escala de interés, la percepción de las ciencias naturales y los cursos
de la materia. En tal sentido, se discutieron las implicancias de este estudio para generar estrategias que acerquen
al estudiante a interesarse por los cursos científicos y se promovió la reflexión en cuanto al planteamiento del
currículo peruano referente al desarrollo de estos cursos.
The purpose of this research was to study students Interest toward natural sciences and Perception of natural science as well as school natural science courses. It also aimed to explore gender and school grade level differences in interest toward natural sciences as well as perception of natural science. Participants were 456 students from three co-educational public schools, who study in 6th grade of elementary school level and in 10th grade of high school. These schools were selected from a list of schools that had the poorest outcomes (beginners level and prebeginners level) in the Students’ Censal Assessment in Mathematics and Reading Comprehension of 2015. Interest was understood as a long term commitment and implication with specific objects or issues, that hence will generate cognitive, emotional and instrumental bonds. Such bond will help the students to built a sense of motivation, self-efficacy and a will to receive feedback and improve their knowledge. Interest for the Natural Science Scale (based on Renninger & Hidi, 2016) and the Perception of Natural Sciences and Courses of Natural Science (based on the Bulunuz y Jarrett, 2009) were constructed for the purpose of this research. Both Spanish version were linguistically were analyzed with factor analyses and Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. As result of these analyses items of The Interest for Natural Science Scale were grouped in four factors: 1) Voluntary approach, current and future, toward natural science, 2) Preffered attention and liking of science related issues and activities provided by others (family, school or community), 3) Curiosity for learning and deepening knowledge about science; and 4) Enjoyment and curiosity for specific, natural, biological, mechanical and cosmic phenomenon, among others. Psychometric results showed that the Perception of Natural Science scales were unidimensional. The results indicated differences by grade level both in the interest for the sciences and for each factor of the scale of interest, the perception of the natural sciences and the courses of the subject. In this sense, they were discussed the consequences of this study for generating strategies that appeal student to feel interest about the scientific courses and reflections about the planning of the Peruvian educational curricula in related to develop of these courses.
The purpose of this research was to study students Interest toward natural sciences and Perception of natural science as well as school natural science courses. It also aimed to explore gender and school grade level differences in interest toward natural sciences as well as perception of natural science. Participants were 456 students from three co-educational public schools, who study in 6th grade of elementary school level and in 10th grade of high school. These schools were selected from a list of schools that had the poorest outcomes (beginners level and prebeginners level) in the Students’ Censal Assessment in Mathematics and Reading Comprehension of 2015. Interest was understood as a long term commitment and implication with specific objects or issues, that hence will generate cognitive, emotional and instrumental bonds. Such bond will help the students to built a sense of motivation, self-efficacy and a will to receive feedback and improve their knowledge. Interest for the Natural Science Scale (based on Renninger & Hidi, 2016) and the Perception of Natural Sciences and Courses of Natural Science (based on the Bulunuz y Jarrett, 2009) were constructed for the purpose of this research. Both Spanish version were linguistically were analyzed with factor analyses and Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. As result of these analyses items of The Interest for Natural Science Scale were grouped in four factors: 1) Voluntary approach, current and future, toward natural science, 2) Preffered attention and liking of science related issues and activities provided by others (family, school or community), 3) Curiosity for learning and deepening knowledge about science; and 4) Enjoyment and curiosity for specific, natural, biological, mechanical and cosmic phenomenon, among others. Psychometric results showed that the Perception of Natural Science scales were unidimensional. The results indicated differences by grade level both in the interest for the sciences and for each factor of the scale of interest, the perception of the natural sciences and the courses of the subject. In this sense, they were discussed the consequences of this study for generating strategies that appeal student to feel interest about the scientific courses and reflections about the planning of the Peruvian educational curricula in related to develop of these courses.
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Keywords
Ciencias naturales--Estudio y enseñanza, Ciencia--Estudio y enseñanza, Educación primaria--Investigaciones, Educación secundaria--Investigaciones
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