El bar de compañía como espacio de negociación de poder: Caso del caserío de Jayave
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Canahua Castillo, Noemi Sonia
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explicar las dinámicas de negociación que llevan
a cabo las mujeres en relación con sus condiciones laborales en los bares de compañía en
contextos de minería informal en Madre de Dios. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un
enfoque etnográfico, utilizando como técnicas principales entrevistas semiestructuradas
y observación participante, lo que permitió comprender las experiencias y percepciones
de las trabajadoras desde sus propias voces y contextos.
Los resultados evidencian que la motivación principal para ingresar a los bares de
compañía es la necesidad económica, derivada de la falta de empleo formal, la pobreza,
la violencia familiar y la crisis sanitaria. En este contexto de vulnerabilidad laboral, las
mujeres aceptan condiciones precarias y desiguales; sin embargo, mantienen una
capacidad de agencia que se manifiesta en estrategias individuales y colectivas. A nivel
individual, despliegan habilidades emocionales, comunicativas y corporales para
negociar con clientes y dueños; a nivel colectivo, construyen redes de apoyo y solidaridad
para protegerse de abusos y compartir información sobre lugares más seguros.
La vulnerabilidad estructural, caracterizada por la informalidad, la violencia y la
estigmatización social, limita sus posibilidades de negociación, pero no anula su
capacidad de acción. En este sentido, las mujeres reconfiguran formas de resistencia y
supervivencia, evidenciando que la agencia puede coexistir con la subordinación en
contextos laborales adversos.
This study aimed to explain the negotiation dynamics carried out by women regarding their working conditions in hostess bars within contexts of informal mining in Madre de Dios. The research followed an ethnographic approach, using semi-structured interviews and participant observation as the main techniques. These methods made it possible to understand the experiences and perceptions of the workers from their own voices and contexts. The findings reveal that the main motivation for entering hostess bars is economic necessity, stemming from the lack of formal employment, poverty, domestic violence, and the health crisis. In this context of labor vulnerability, women accept precarious and unequal conditions; however, they maintain a degree of agency that manifests through both individual and collective strategies. At the individual level, they deploy emotional, communicative, and bodily skills to negotiate with clients and bar owners; collectively, they build networks of support and solidarity to protect themselves from abuse and share information about safer workplaces. Structural vulnerability—characterized by informality, violence, and social stigmatization—limits their negotiation possibilities but does not eliminate their capacity for action. In this sense, women reshape forms of resistance and survival, demonstrating that agency can coexist with subordination in adverse labor contexts.
This study aimed to explain the negotiation dynamics carried out by women regarding their working conditions in hostess bars within contexts of informal mining in Madre de Dios. The research followed an ethnographic approach, using semi-structured interviews and participant observation as the main techniques. These methods made it possible to understand the experiences and perceptions of the workers from their own voices and contexts. The findings reveal that the main motivation for entering hostess bars is economic necessity, stemming from the lack of formal employment, poverty, domestic violence, and the health crisis. In this context of labor vulnerability, women accept precarious and unequal conditions; however, they maintain a degree of agency that manifests through both individual and collective strategies. At the individual level, they deploy emotional, communicative, and bodily skills to negotiate with clients and bar owners; collectively, they build networks of support and solidarity to protect themselves from abuse and share information about safer workplaces. Structural vulnerability—characterized by informality, violence, and social stigmatization—limits their negotiation possibilities but does not eliminate their capacity for action. In this sense, women reshape forms of resistance and survival, demonstrating that agency can coexist with subordination in adverse labor contexts.
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Damas de compañía--Perú--Madre de Dios--Estudio de casos, Bares--Perú--Madre de Dios, Mujeres--Empleo--Perú--Madre de Dios, Empleo precario--Perú--Madre de Dios, Poder (Ciencias sociales)--Perú--Madre de Dios
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