Burnout y engagement en médicos de instituciones de salud de Lima Metropolitana y el Callao en el contexto de la COVID-19
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Date
2021-07-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo medir los niveles de burnout y
engagement en los médicos de instituciones de salud de Lima Metropolitana y el Callao, en
el contexto de la COVID-19, a través de un estudio no experimental transversal con un
alcance descriptivo. Para la investigación se utilizaron dos instrumentos en simultáneo,
Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) para medir el burnout
y Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) para medir el engagement, el primero fue
creado por Christina Maslach y Susan E. Jackson, y el segundo, por Wilmar Schaufeli. Las
encuestas fueron aplicadas a 400 médicos colegiados que trabajan en instituciones de salud
de Lima Metropolitana y el Callao durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 y se identificó que
el 80% de médicos presentó niveles muy altos de engagement y el 48%, niveles muy bajos
de burnout. Por lo tanto, tomando como base los resultados obtenidos y que el engagement
mitiga el riesgo que los médicos padezcan de burnout, se desarrolló un plan de
implementación con estrategias enfocado en mantener los niveles altos de engagement a fin
de que los líderes de las instituciones de salud lo implementen en sus organizaciones, y
contribuyan a desarrollar profesionales de la salud más productivos y con una mejor calidad
de atención a los pacientes. Esto es relevante en un contexto de pandemia y en situaciones
normales, ya que se necesitan líderes que aseguren las condiciones organizacionales para
que los médicos cuenten con un estado de salud mental óptimo para ejercer su labor de
salvar vidas.
This research aims to measure the levels of burnout and engagement in physicians from health institutions in Metropolitan Lima and Callao, in the context of COVID-19, through a non-experimental cross-sectional study with a descriptive scope. Two instruments were used simultaneously, Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to measure burnout, and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) to measure engagement, the first was created by Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson, and the second, by Wilmar Schaufeli. The surveys were applied to 400 registered physicians who work in health institutions in Metropolitan Lima and Callao during the COVID-19 pandemic, which identified that 80% of physicians showed very high levels of engagement, and 48% very low levels of burnout. Therefore, based on the results obtained and that engagement mitigates the risk that physicians suffer from burnout, an implementation plan was developed with strategies focused on maintaining high levels of engagement. Its implementation by leaders of health institutions will contribute to develop more productive health professionals with a better quality of care for patients. This is especially important during the context of a pandemic, but it is also relevant in normal situations, since leaders are needed to ensure the organizational conditions so that doctors have an optimal state of mental health to carry out their life-saving work.
This research aims to measure the levels of burnout and engagement in physicians from health institutions in Metropolitan Lima and Callao, in the context of COVID-19, through a non-experimental cross-sectional study with a descriptive scope. Two instruments were used simultaneously, Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to measure burnout, and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) to measure engagement, the first was created by Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson, and the second, by Wilmar Schaufeli. The surveys were applied to 400 registered physicians who work in health institutions in Metropolitan Lima and Callao during the COVID-19 pandemic, which identified that 80% of physicians showed very high levels of engagement, and 48% very low levels of burnout. Therefore, based on the results obtained and that engagement mitigates the risk that physicians suffer from burnout, an implementation plan was developed with strategies focused on maintaining high levels of engagement. Its implementation by leaders of health institutions will contribute to develop more productive health professionals with a better quality of care for patients. This is especially important during the context of a pandemic, but it is also relevant in normal situations, since leaders are needed to ensure the organizational conditions so that doctors have an optimal state of mental health to carry out their life-saving work.
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Servicios de salud, Motivación del empleado, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)
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