Sanmarquinos en movimiento: el movimiento estudiantil contra la ley universitaria (2013- 2014) y la reconstrucción de la Federación Universitaria de San Marcos
Date
2024-09-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación tiene como finalidad indagar de qué forma un movimiento
social a escala nacional, pese a no conseguir sus objetivos, puede generar de
manera paradójica un fortalecimiento organizativo a escala local. Para ello, se
analiza el caso del movimiento estudiantil a nivel nacional que se formó en el año
2013 contra la aprobación en el Congreso de la República de la Ley 30220, Ley
Universitaria, y su contribución a la reconstrucción de la Federación Universitaria
en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Esto, en el marco de la teoría
de los movimientos sociales, aplicando una metodología cualitativa sustentada
en fuentes documentales y entrevistas a ex activistas sanmarquinos.
Se sostiene que esta mejora organizativa se puede dar en atención a dos
consecuencias directas de los movimientos sociales en su respectivo campo: la
formación o el fortalecimiento de relaciones sociales, así como el enmarcado de
los resultados del movimiento por parte de los activistas. Así, el caso bajo estudio
muestra que si bien el movimiento estudiantil nacional no logró su objetivo, la
participación de los activistas sanmarquinos generó una red de coordinación
entre un sector de estos que persistió luego de la aprobación de la Ley 30220;
y, que enmarcó su derrota atribuyéndola a factores internos, principalmente a la
falta de dirección política. Lo cual, les permitió impulsar al interior de San Marcos
la reconstrucción de su federación como una herramienta de dirección política
que les permita resistir la implementación de la Ley 30220, así como conflictos
internos y externos.
This research aims to investigate how a social movement at a national level, despite not achieving its objectives, can paradoxically generate organizational improvement at a local level. To this end, we analyze the case of the national student movement that was formed in 2013 against the approval in the Congress of the Republic of Law 30220, University Law, and its contribution to the reconstruction of the University Federation in the National University of San Marcos. This, within the framework of the theory of social movements, applying a qualitative methodology supported by documentary sources and interviews with former San Marcos activists. It is argued that this organizational improvement can occur in response to two direct consequences of social movements in their respective field: the formation or strengthening of social relationships, as well as the framing of the results of the movement by activists. The case under study shows that although the national student movement did not achieve its objective, the participation of San Marcos activists generated a coordination network between a sector of these that persisted after the approval of Law 30220; and, who framed his defeat by attributing it to internal factors, mainly a lack of political leadership. Which allowed them to promote the reconstruction of their federation within San Marcos as a tool of political direction that allows them to resist the implementation of Law 30220, as well as internal and external conflicts.
This research aims to investigate how a social movement at a national level, despite not achieving its objectives, can paradoxically generate organizational improvement at a local level. To this end, we analyze the case of the national student movement that was formed in 2013 against the approval in the Congress of the Republic of Law 30220, University Law, and its contribution to the reconstruction of the University Federation in the National University of San Marcos. This, within the framework of the theory of social movements, applying a qualitative methodology supported by documentary sources and interviews with former San Marcos activists. It is argued that this organizational improvement can occur in response to two direct consequences of social movements in their respective field: the formation or strengthening of social relationships, as well as the framing of the results of the movement by activists. The case under study shows that although the national student movement did not achieve its objective, the participation of San Marcos activists generated a coordination network between a sector of these that persisted after the approval of Law 30220; and, who framed his defeat by attributing it to internal factors, mainly a lack of political leadership. Which allowed them to promote the reconstruction of their federation within San Marcos as a tool of political direction that allows them to resist the implementation of Law 30220, as well as internal and external conflicts.
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Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Movimientos estudiantiles--Perú, Universidades--Legislación--Perú, Estudiantes universitarios--Actividad política--Perú
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