Lo que quiero ser: toma de decisiones respecto a la ocupación futura en adolescentes de dos instituciones educativas de Lima
Date
2019-03-08
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
A partir de un estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico que analiza la toma de
decisiones respecto a la ocupación futura de adolescentes de dos Instituciones Educativas
de Lima (una pública y una privada alternativa ubicada en un distrito de clase media), se
investigaron las barreras y apoyos percibidos, en la escuela y en la familia, durante los
procesos de elección y planificación. Se encontró que en la IE privada se recibe mayor
apoyo de la familia y la escuela, agentes que ofrecen información, sugerencias, modelos,
orientación, aliento, experiencias de aprendizaje y acciones concretas que sostienen a
estos adolescentes en ambos procesos. En la IE pública, en cambio, la escuela y la familia
cumplen un rol menor en la elección que se reduce a preguntarles por lo que harán al
terminar la secundaria y aprobar su decisión, sin incidir en la planificación. Se identifican
mayores niveles de planificación, e incluso acciones, respecto a la ocupación futura en la
IE privada. Se concluye que el papel del mundo adulto es fundamental en la toma de
decisiones respecto a la ocupación futura de estos participantes. La ausencia de este es
una potencial vía explicativa del fracaso en el tránsito a espacios post-secundarios de
muchos adolescentes del Perú. Se sugiere que futuras intervenciones incidan en este
proceso sosteniendo a las y los adolescentes en la búsqueda y análisis de información, y
exponiéndolos a modelos. En el caso de adolescentes de familias distantes de espacios
educativos post-secundarios, esta responsabilidad debería recaer principalmente en la
escuela.
The present study, which uses qualitative research methods and has a phenomenological design, analyzes the decision making process related to future occupation of adolescents from two schools of Lima: a public and a private one. Perceived barriers and supports from the family and school in the processes of choosing and planning were investigated. It was found that adolescents from the private school receive more support from their families and schools. They receive information, suggestions, model exposure, orientation, encouragement, learning experiences and specific actions from these instances. Family and school authentically hold teenagers from this institution in their decision making process. In contrast, the family and school of adolescents from the public institution have a minor role in this process. These agents ask adolescents what are they going to do when finishing school and approve their choices without any questioning. School and family do not influence the planning process. More planning and even actions related to the future occupation are identified in adolescents from the private school. The role of the adult world is of great importance in the decision making process of a future occupation. The lack of intervention from the adult world could explain why a significant proportion of Peruvian teenagers do not access to post-secondary education. It is suggested that future interventions take part in this process holding adolescents in the search and analysis of information and exposing them to models. Schools should take a major role in supporting the decision making process of adolescents whose parents are distant from the academic world.
The present study, which uses qualitative research methods and has a phenomenological design, analyzes the decision making process related to future occupation of adolescents from two schools of Lima: a public and a private one. Perceived barriers and supports from the family and school in the processes of choosing and planning were investigated. It was found that adolescents from the private school receive more support from their families and schools. They receive information, suggestions, model exposure, orientation, encouragement, learning experiences and specific actions from these instances. Family and school authentically hold teenagers from this institution in their decision making process. In contrast, the family and school of adolescents from the public institution have a minor role in this process. These agents ask adolescents what are they going to do when finishing school and approve their choices without any questioning. School and family do not influence the planning process. More planning and even actions related to the future occupation are identified in adolescents from the private school. The role of the adult world is of great importance in the decision making process of a future occupation. The lack of intervention from the adult world could explain why a significant proportion of Peruvian teenagers do not access to post-secondary education. It is suggested that future interventions take part in this process holding adolescents in the search and analysis of information and exposing them to models. Schools should take a major role in supporting the decision making process of adolescents whose parents are distant from the academic world.
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Psicología del adolescente, Orientación profesional, Toma de decisiones
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